The word 'apostle' has two meanings in Scripture: one who walked with Jesus, and the broader sense of a sent-out missionary
Q&A — response to George Cook's question about which apostles met Jesus in person
'Easy believism' — intellectual assent alone does not save;
Next →1 Corinthians 15:3-7 is the earliest resurrection record — w
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Women In Ministry Research Notes
Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.
κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)
A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.
1 Timothy 1:3 — The Urgent Need for Timothy in Ephesus: False Teachers
Commentary clippings and research notes on 1 Timothy 1:3, establishing that Paul's primary concern in writing to Timothy was to combat false teaching in Ephesus. Multiple commentaries confirm the false teachers likely held leadership positions, and that Timothy was given Paul's own authority to command them to stop. This false-teaching context is foundational for understanding Paul's instructions in 1 Timothy 2:12.
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