Modern-day apostles: the original apostles were unique authoritative founders whose authority is now held in the NT canon; the movement claiming ongoing apostolic offices is unbiblical, though the lowercase term can refer to missionaries

Winger distinguishes two senses: (1) The Twelve plus Paul, Barnabas, and Luke were the official post-ascension representatives of Christ establishing Christian truth. Luke is called an apostle but did not add his own teachings, only recorded what was already said. Bill Johnson is critiqued for implying that remaining in apostolic teaching means following modern apostles, which Winger calls completely false. (2) The Greek apostolos means 'one sent out,' so missionaries can be called apostles in a functional sense, but they act from the authority of Scripture, not their own authority. Claiming to be over 300 churches as an apostle has no biblical basis.