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Epistle of Barnabas (early 2nd century) depicts the cross as a capital-T shape

Did Jesus Die on a Cross or a Stake? Here's the Evidence. 00:14:12 – 00:15:44

The Epistle of Barnabas, written in the early second century (within ~100 years of Jesus's death), represents the cross of Christ using the capital letter T, implying a crossbeam.

The Epistle of Barnabas is a non-canonical early Christian document. Its author also draws a parallel between Moses stretching out his hands over Israel and Jesus stretching out his hands on the cross — which would be impossible if Jesus's hands were above his head on a single stake.

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