The problem of evil is the #1 argument that practically draws people away from God, but Christianity alone offers both intellectual answers and emotional/pastoral hope — atheism offers neither explanation nor solution.

Winger acknowledges the problem of evil is genuinely the most powerful argument that affects believers, especially during suffering. Christianity offers: (1) intellectual answers (theodicies), (2) emotional/pastoral help (wait on the Lord, trust God, suffering is temporary), (3) ultimate resolution (new heaven and earth). Atheism offers none of these — the consistent atheist must deny evil exists and has no solution. Summary of all 5 arguments: (1) "We're all atheists" = circular, evidence supports Christianity; (2) Indoctrination = false dichotomy assuming atheism; (3) Atheism is instinctual = backfires, double standard; (4) Religion is desperation = circular, describes atheism better; (5) Problem of evil = hard but well-answered, backfires on atheism.