Barnabas and Saul spend a full year discipling the Antioch church; disciples are first called Christians there. This extended discipleship with no mention of Torah observance is a key data point.

Winger emphasizes that Barnabas and then Paul spend an entire year at Antioch teaching. If Torah observance were part of sanctification for Gentiles, surely it would have been taught in a full year of discipleship. Winger flags this for Acts 15 comparison.