1 John's own usage of 'world' across multiple verses defines the term as the ungodly — not scattered believers
Winger grounds the interpretation of 'world' in 1 John 2:2 by examining how the same author uses the word elsewhere in 1 John.
Rather than importing John 11:51-52 to define 'world' in 1 John 2:2, Winger examines 1 John internally. 1 John 3:1: 'the world does not know us' — the world is those who do not know God, not scattered believers. 1 John 3:13: 'the world hates you' — the ungodly who hate Christians. 1 John 4:3-5: the spirit of Antichrist 'is in the world,' 'they are from the world,' the world listens to false spirits — clearly the ungodly. All uses are consistent: in 1 John, 'world' = the world system in rebellion against God.
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