Theological Dictionary of the New Testament lists three cross forms including traditional cross
The Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (TDNT) is a third major scholarly source Winger cites. It describes stauros as used for three basic cross shapes.
TDNT states: the cross was (1) a vertical pointed stake, OR (2) an upright with a crossbeam above it (T-shaped), OR (3) two intersecting beams of equal length (X-shaped). The word stauros encompasses all three in scholarly usage.
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