Holy Spirit in the Old vs. New Testament: Old Testament experiences were primarily empowerment for service; New Testament introduces indwelling.

Mike distinguishes between the Old Testament pattern — Holy Spirit empowering specific individuals for specific tasks (craftsmen for the temple, Saul as king, Elijah running) — and the New Testament reality where the Spirit permanently indwells believers. The in/upon distinction is common in Calvary Chapel teaching. He notes the OT relationship was tentative and often tied to role/calling rather than personal salvation.