Rufus of Ephesus (c. 100 AD): voluntary nerves from the brain carry out all activities of the body

Rufus of Ephesus, who lived around 100 AD (shortly after Paul wrote to the Ephesians), taught that 'the processes springing from the brain are the sensory and voluntary nerves through which feeling and voluntary movements, in fact all the activities of the body, are carried out.' The word 'voluntary' is key — intentional actions are controlled by the brain/head. This is especially relevant since Paul wrote to Ephesus about headship.