TL

Mark,

with regards to kephale meaning authority here are some excellent resources.
http://powerscourt.blogspot.com/2008/01/kephale-in-literature.html

As for the real meaning of kephale, as in all words there is a range of meanings going from head to beginning, origin, foremost, top, source, preeminent and others.

Context is of course most important. In Ephesians 5, what is commonly missed by hierarchalists is that the metephor is between the husband being thought of as head of by the wife AND the wife being thought of as body of by the husband. Thus the meaning there is simply ‘head’ because the metaphor is found in the comparison of ‘head of’ and ‘body of’, not the meaning of kephale itself.

SNIPET fr. McCarthy
“Would it surprise you to know that not even once is kephal? used in connection to any of the authority relationships which we believe God has ordained in the Hebrew scriptures?”