Winger rejects the 'covering' argument that a senior male pastor can authorize female elders/pastors under his headship. A husband is the head of his wife — an elder is NOT the head of other elders. 1 Timothy 2 says 'I don't allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man,' period — not 'without a male head.'

Q&A: advice for a member of a church with a male lead elder pastoring alongside ordained female elders who often teach on Sundays.

Winger says a wife co-teaching an adult Sunday school Bible study IS an elder-type role and would be wrong under his complementarian view. However, co-teaching a topical class (like parenting) is NOT eldership and he'd be fine with it. He warns against creating Pharisaic rules but draws the line at verse-by-verse Bible teaching.

Bonus Q after viewer watched WIM series: Is a woman helping her husband teach a co-ed adult Sunday school class an elder-type role?

Winger says there is no biblical requirement for an ordained person to officiate a wedding — marriage is a public covenant between a man and woman, and the authority to marry doesn't reside in a pastor, government, or anyone else. He wrestles with whether to recommend a woman officiate for non-believing family.

Q from a female believer: brother (non-believer) asked her to officiate his wedding; only option is online ordination, which feels like mocking God.

Why Would God Allow a Pope?: Why would Christ allow someone to be appointed as His vicar on Earth? If the authority of the pope is illegitimate, how is that not the worst manifestation of blasphemy? How is it allowed by God?

Q&A question: Why Would God Allow a Pope?

The Moses Model: Biblical?: Given your Calvary Chapel background and current focus on church leadership structures vulnerable to abuse, how does the Moses Model ensure checks and balances on authority in the church?

Q&A question: The Moses Model: Biblical?

Scripture Alone Is the Final Authority for Christians

The Authority of Peter

It's Not the the Singular Unified Group That Often It Is Portrayed as in Roman Catholicism There Are Various Sects and Groups and Different Different Disagreeing Groups within Roman Catholicism but There's another Problem and that Is Roman Catholicism Never Kicks Heretics out It Just Almost Never Happens You'Ll Have Bishops Who Are Functioning In in Roman Catholicism That Totally Don't Believe Roman Catholicism and Actively Teach against It and There's Still Part of It so that's Not Real Unity That's like a False Kind of Unity That's Going On There So Yeah that's a Lot of Stuff I Think the Bottom Line Is God's Word Is Authoritative and Here's Where the Catholic Agrees with Me I'M Just Saying the Traditions and the Arguments for Bringing Tradition in as an Equal Authority

Authority Replacement

The real authority in JW life is not the Bible but the governing body — eight men in New York City who "formulate doctrine" and whose instructions, according to Watchtower, determine your "spiritual health and relationship with God." The NWT Bible is a doctrinally distorted translation that changes key texts about Christ's deity, and members are discouraged from researching outside Watchtower sources.

JW authority structure: governing body over Scripture; the NWT as a distorted translation

Is He Leading or Ruling? | Ephesians 5:25-33 - Conrad Macintyre

Verse-by-verse teaching through Ephesians 5:25-33. Examines what headship means — sacrificial love modeled on Christ, not authority or rule over.

Women in Ministry - Prof Craig Keener

Paul's letters stand at the centre of the dispute over women's role in church ministry, with each side of the dispute championing texts from the Apostle. How do we understand the text in 1 Corinthians 14 where Paul instructs women to be silent, or the 1 Timothy 2 passage where women are forbidden to teach or exercise authority over men? Are these texts addressing a specific cultural situation or should they be treated as universal prohibitions? Craig Keener delved deeply into the world of Paul and wrestled with these thorny texts in his book [*Paul, Women and Wives: Marriage and Women's Ministry in the Letters of Paul*](/library/25) (Hendrikson, 1992). In a public lecture at Laidlaw's Henderson campus in September 2019, Professor Keener looked at the arguments for both sides of the question: 'are women allowed to be in ministry?', and the approaches various theologians and church traditions have taken throughout the centuries. He gave insights into the culture at the time Paul wrote his letters, and of the way false teachers were targeting women. He notes the importance of considering the original situation of Paul's letters, and that Paul does affirm women's ministry which helps us to see that Paul himself did not prohibit women from teaching the Bible always.

Commentary: Created Order Does Not Establish Hierarchy

Ardavanis says: > "First is not always best, or else beavers would be better than humans." Then immediately: "God had positioned Adam in the garden to be the priest and protector of Eden." He underc

Commentary: Naming as Epistemology, Not Authority

Ardavanis says: > "Adam is given the responsibility of naming Eve, providing indication of God's design of the male operating in leadership with responsibility." The text gives its own stated purpos

Commentary: Complementary Means Shared Roles, Not Divided Authority

Ardavanis says: > "God made man and women different and complimentary." Agreement: Yes — and this is precisely why God didn't make another man. He made a woman to rule WITH him. Their differences co

Commentary: One Flesh Cannot Be Hierarchy

Ardavanis says: > "This beautiful picture of men and women, a groom and a bride... this is the central metaphor in all of the Bible... complementary yet different sexes that come together in union pa

Commentary: Genesis 3:16 Is Descriptive, Not Prescriptive

Ardavanis says: > "God tells Eve that as a derivative of the curse, you will desire to master your husband... Women are going to fight against God's design for male leadership." **Ge 3:16** is descr

Commentary: Adam's Failure Comes from Preparation, Not Rank

Ardavanis claims the Genesis narrative is "a warning for when God's design for leadership is distorted." But this presumes hierarchy onto the text. If God was preparing Adam through the naming/identi

Commentary: The Format That Silences Correction — 1 Corinthians 14:30-31 and Church Authority

**1Co 14:30-31** says: "If a revelation is made to another who is seated, the first must be silent. For you can all prophesy one by one, so that all may learn and all may be encouraged." Paul's model

Commentary: Deception Is Not Gender-Specific — Paul Fears It for the Whole Church

Paul writes: "But I am afraid that, as the serpent deceived Eve by his craftiness, your minds will be led astray from the simplicity and purity of devotion to Christ" (**2 Cor 11:3,** NASB). Paul is

Commentary: God Never Said She Would Want to "Overpower" Her Husband

At 11:31, Ardavanis claims that God tells Eve she is going to want to "overpower her husband" and "subvert God's design," and calls this "one of the most timeless wars waged in culture." ### God Says

"Words Matter" — Elder, Pastor, Overseer Distinctions

At 12:19, he says "Sometimes people say it's just semantics, but words matter, they really matter" — and then proceeds to flatten the very distinctions God's inspired words preserve. He claims elder

Children's Minister vs. Pastor — The Self-Contradiction

At 13:52, he claims that a pastor is an elder and an elder is a pastor, and says this is why they do not call a children's minister a "children's pastor" — because a pastor is an elder. Words really