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Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2021-04-05

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus

Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona — Kindle highlights from 'The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus'. 110 highlights.

Colossians 2:9 Phil 3:21 Christology Apologetics Resurrection
Scripture Commentary article 2020-06-02

The Giving Part 2: Judas the Betrayer, a Balanced View of the Sovereignty of God

[Music] the giving is a balanced view of the sovereignty of God God's sovereignty is vitally important for us to know God yet it's God's sovereignty taught as a system of theological thought which can lead to a person reading into the biblical text an outside concept that is foreign to the writers i...

Luke 22:18 Luke 22:21 Luke 22:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2019-09-19

Is Free Will “Another” Gospel?

What is the problem? It is common for Calvinists to argue that humanity can’t have free will because free will would necessitate a salvation based on works. Although the Bible does not make this claim, people have been subject to unfair accusations of heresy by overly zealous Calvinists.

2 Corinthians 3:7–9 2 Timothy 2:13 Galatians 1:8–9 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2018-04-20

Was God’s Wrath Satisfied in Christ or Paid in Hell?

Was God’s wrath satisfied in Christ? If so then how can sinners suffer God’s wrath in hell? This question is one that is often asked by Calvinists to those who do not hold to the teaching of Calvinism.

1 Corinthians 2:14 Colossians 1:21 Colossians 3:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-28

What did the death of Jesus do for the world?

The death of Jesus for the world is a delicate question for Calvinists according to John Piper. Piper answers a question from one of his listeners in a post called “ In What Sense Did Jesus Die for the Non-Elect? ” In the audio transcript of an interview Piper says:

2 Timothy 2:13 John 10:16 John 10:17–18 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-22

Was the death of Jesus evil? Calvinism and ordained evil

This question is often asked of those of us who do not believe that God initiates evil. If God predestined the death of Jesus, does this mean that God commanded or ordained the evil acts of men? A Calvinist website describes God’s ordaining of evil this way:

2 Corinthians 5:21 Acts 4:27-28 Acts 5:27–30 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-17

Was Our Faith Purchased on the Cross as a Gift?

John Piper’s article “ For Whom did Jesus Taste Death? ” focuses on Piper’s premise that disallows Jesus from being a ransom sacrifice for all people. There are many parts of Piper’s article that I would like to address, but I will deal with them one at a time in individual posts.

1 Corinthians 15:14 1 Corinthians 15:17 1 John 1:9–10 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-10

No man left behind: Jesus died for all

Did Jesus’ death leave no man left behind that was not covered by His death on the cross? For many Christians who identify as Calvinists, the gospel includes the conclusion that Jesus died only for a select group of people who were predetermined by God before the world was created.

John 5:14–16 Luke 10:31–32 Luke 10:36–37 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-09-26

Jesus draws all men to Himself? John 12:32

In John 12:32 Jesus draws all men to Himself. Is this true or must we reinterpret Jesus to remove His promise?

Hebrews 11:6 John 12:27 John 12:30 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty
Scripture Commentary article 2015-09-04

Purposeless evil?

Calvinists often talk about “purposeless evil.” In fact, Dr. James White, a Calvinist apologist from Alpha and Omega Ministries , has stated that if God did not ordain all things including the evil actions of men, then evil has no purpose. Dr.

Acts 2:22-23 Acts 2:23 Acts 4:27–28 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty
Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-27

The context surrounding John 6

In explaining the meaning of John 6, we need to pay close attention to the context surrounding John 6 as well as the relevant context from the entire book of John. Here are some verses that are HIGHLY relevant and some questions for you to ponder.

John 10:1 John 10:14 John 10:16 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2014-07-22

No one can come to Jesus unless the Father draws him John 6:43-45

Jesus spoke incredibly powerful words in John chapter 6 that many people are afraid to dig into because of their concern that John 6 might contradict their theology. In fact, Calvinists are quick to challenge non-Calvinists to explain what these verses mean outside of the Calvinist interpretation.

Acts 16:14 Hosea 11:4 Isaiah 19:21 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-05

Does Matthew conflict with Luke about Judas?

In my post about Judas and the last supper, Colin Maxwell, a Calvinist responded to my post, although not responding on this blog, but on his twitter account @weeCalvin.

Luke 1:1–3 Luke 22:18 Luke 22:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Judas
Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-22

Was Judas predestined to be lost?

Is Judas a problem for your theology? He can be a problem if some of your beliefs come from tradition and not from the Scriptures. In this article, I would like to discuss the full Scriptural view of Judas and ask you to test your own understanding against what the Scripture reveals.

2 Timothy 2:13 John 13:1 John 13:10–11 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-27

Ephesians 5 Christian Liberty

This post is the essence of the sermon Spirit-Filled Living part 1 by Pastor Darrell Johnson of First Baptist Church, Vancouver, BC, Canada. If you would like to listen to the entire sermon, you can listen to the sermon here

Ecclesiastes 5 Ephesians 5:18 Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 5 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-11

The Path Of The Last Adam

The path of the last Adam was a path that took Him from Heaven to earth, from the earth to the grave and from the grave to resurrection power on display as our  Lord, Savior and King. But a study in contrast with the first Adam shows us the stark contrast to the faithfulness that the last Adam offer

1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Peter 5:8 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2008-10-30

1 Timothy 2 Authority And The Magical Pulpit

Many people feel that the pulpit is a place for authoritative proclamation. However many people also believe that the pulpit gives a man that authority and allowing someone into the “pulpit” who isn’t allowed to exercise authority over the sheep, an authority that the pulpit gives them, is seen as a

1 Kings 4:24 1 Kings 9:23 1 Peter 4:10 1 Timothy 2
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-09

Are Females Saved Just Like Males

Before we continue with our verse by verse through 1 Corinthians 11, I wanted to share a question that Jen had who watched my clip of “Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free” DVD on YouTube. She said:

1 Peter 3:7 Ephesians 2:14-19 Ephesians 2:19 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Galatians 3:28
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-10-03

@HvacRoar24011 @mennodarren @smashbaals Why does Paul then after the cross consistently preach to the Jews first and then the Gentiles? Do you share the gospel with the Jew first? “For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for s...

@HvacRoar24011 @mennodarren @smashbaals Why does Paul then after the cross consistently preach to the Jews first and then the Gentiles? Do you share the gospel with the Jew first? “For I am not asham

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-05-19

@Forms_Respecter Jesus being God is clear in scripture. His virgin birth, death

@Forms_Respecter Jesus being God is clear in scripture. His virgin birth, death on the cross, and physical resurrection are clear. Why are these in the creeds and confessions?

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-06-24

@UrMomChoseLife @smashbaals I’m not affirming disobedience as I don’t believe th

@UrMomChoseLife @smashbaals I’m not affirming disobedience as I don’t believe these passages are forbidding godly women from teaching truth to men or from pastoral work. I’ll take a look at the Crossw

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-05-15

@Robert_S_Morley @ronhenzel @5cd5945b24ec495 @GarOHoff @StanfieldBrent1 @Idolkiller His attitude of humility was in His posturing not in His divesting Himself of His divine abilities. Submitting Himself to the cross is precisely the point that script...

@Robert_S_Morley @ronhenzel @5cd5945b24ec495 @GarOHoff @StanfieldBrent1 @Idolkiller His attitude of humility was in His posturing not in His divesting Himself of His divine abilities. Submitting Himse

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-11

@JeffreyTanCG The thief on the cross who believed and Jesus said would be in paradise with him "today" was saved without being baptized. What is necessary is being filled with the Holy Spirit which is a condition of repentance and faith. If you submi...

@JeffreyTanCG The thief on the cross who believed and Jesus said would be in paradise with him "today" was saved without being baptized. What is necessary is being filled with the Holy Spirit which is

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-05

@ReformedRant Also, in Ex 15:20, Miriam is identified as a “prophetess,” and she leads the women in song and dance after the crossing of the Red Sea, further demonstrating her leadership and influence. In Num 12:1-2, Miriam and Aaron speak against M...

@ReformedRant Also, in Ex 15:20, Miriam is identified as a “prophetess,” and she leads the women in song and dance after the crossing of the Red Sea, further demonstrating her leadership and influence

Ex 15:20 Num 12:1-2 general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-24

@csdavis81 @Truth_matters20 I’m confused…a pastor that believed that Jesus paid

@csdavis81 @Truth_matters20 I’m confused…a pastor that believed that Jesus paid it in full on the cross and this caused havoc? Ive never heard anything like that…

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-13

@terryne02461221 @Vestwitt @HwsEleutheroi Again, you assume that the death of the body means death of the soul. Lk 23:43 - Jesus said to the thief on the cross, "Truly, I say to you, TODAY you will be with me in Paradise." This statement suggests an...

@terryne02461221 @Vestwitt @HwsEleutheroi Again, you assume that the death of the body means death of the soul. Lk 23:43 - Jesus said to the thief on the cross, "Truly, I say to you, TODAY you will b

Lk 23:43 Phil 1:23 commentary
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 5:18-33

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 5:18-33 mutual submission,kephale,source,marriage,kenosis,Spirit-filled,husbands love,wives submit,egalitarian,hupotasso,allelon,household code,head-body metaphor,agapao,self-sacrifice,great mystery,Christ and church,one flesh
Theology verse entry

Philippians 2:3-8

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Philippians 2:3-8 kenosis,humility,self-emptying,Christ example,tapeinophrosyne,egalitarian,servanthood
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 2:14-16

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 2:14-16 wall of partition,dividing wall,peace,one new man,Jew Gentile,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

John 6:27

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:27 soteriology,giving,future promise,bread of life,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

John 6:37

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:37 soteriology,giving,unconditional election,Calvinism,provisionism,the giving,God-fearers
Theology verse entry

John 6:38-40

Sections: debate_points, exegesis

John 6:38-40 soteriology,will of the Father,eternal life,belief,universal scope,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

John 6:44

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:44 soteriology,drawing,irresistible grace,helko,inability,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

John 6:64-65

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:64-65 soteriology,unbelief,foreknowledge,granting,connection,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

2 Corinthians 5:14-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,scope of atonement,substitutionary death
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 2:8-9

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 2:8-9 soteriology,grace,faith,salvation,Calvinism,gift of God,purchased faith,works
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 1:26-31

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

1 Corinthians 1:26-31 soteriology,predestination,election,free will,Calvinism,provisionism,boasting,faith vs works
Theology verse entry

John 12:32

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

John 12:32 soteriology,sovereignty,drawing,Calvinism,provisionism,universal atonement
Theology verse entry

Philippians 2:5-11

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Philippians 2:5-11 kenosis,incarnation,Christ hymn,self-emptying,EFS,Trinity,morphē theou,equality with God,exaltation
Theology verse entry

John 17:5

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 17:5 pre-incarnate glory,Son,Father,equality,EFS,Trinity,eternal equality,high priestly prayer
Theology greek term

κενόω (kenoō)

to empty; used reflexively of Christ's self-emptying (Phil 2:7)

greek
Theology greek term

δίδωμι (didōmi)

to give, bestow, grant, entrust

greek
Theology greek term

μορφή (morphē)

form, essential nature (Phil 2:6-7)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 1 detail: N.T. Wright's persecution argument from 'Surprised by Scripture'

Wright quotes Kenneth Bailey's cultural analysis to argue that women being targeted by Saul's persecution proves they were leaders and influential figures in the community.

Acts 8 N.T. Wright Surprised by Scripture Acts 8
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Wright's claim that women were persecuted 'equally' with men is an overstatement

Mike analyzes Wright's specific wording. While both men and women were imprisoned, we have no data on whether persecution was truly equal in degree or severity.

N.T. Wright persecution argument
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