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Translation debate: harmful vs. evil vs. distressing spirit in 1 Samuel 16

20 Questions with Pastor Mike (Episode 23) 00:02:33 – 00:03:35

Different English translations render the Hebrew term differently, reflecting genuine exegetical ambiguity.

ESV uses 'harmful spirit,' NASB uses 'evil spirit' (with a footnote referencing other passages, not an alternate translation), and NKJV uses 'distressing spirit.' The ambiguity is whether the spirit is intrinsically evil/demonic or merely causes harm. The phrase 'from the Lord' leads some to think it is a good spirit causing harm; others argue God's sovereignty allows him to use a genuinely evil spirit (as with Job and Satan).

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