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Scripture Commentary article 2026-03-27

Eph 5:22 and Mutual Submission

The mutual and reciprocal nature of hypotasso in Eph 5:21 makes a hierarchical reading of v22 semantically incoherent. Paul cannot establish one-to-another voluntary submission and then immediately mean one-directional hierarchy without breaking the logic of his own passage.

Eph 5:21 Eph 5:22 Eph 5:23 Ephesians 5 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11

Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation

Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-09

Women in Places of Power in the Old Testament

Research clippings examining the Proverbs 31 woman as a public figure praised at the city gates — the seat of legal and civic authority. Argues that King Lemuel's mother was a prophet whose oracle comprises the chapter, and that the Proverbs 31 woman exercised judgment and public leadership, not merely domestic roles.

2 Kings 10:8–9 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:15 Genesis & Creation Women in Leadership Egalitarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates

Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates

Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2019-09-19

Is Free Will “Another” Gospel?

What is the problem? It is common for Calvinists to argue that humanity can’t have free will because free will would necessitate a salvation based on works. Although the Bible does not make this claim, people have been subject to unfair accusations of heresy by overly zealous Calvinists.

2 Corinthians 3:7–9 2 Timothy 2:13 Galatians 1:8–9 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-22

Was the death of Jesus evil? Calvinism and ordained evil

This question is often asked of those of us who do not believe that God initiates evil. If God predestined the death of Jesus, does this mean that God commanded or ordained the evil acts of men? A Calvinist website describes God’s ordaining of evil this way:

2 Corinthians 5:21 Acts 4:27-28 Acts 5:27–30 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-10

No man left behind: Jesus died for all

Did Jesus’ death leave no man left behind that was not covered by His death on the cross? For many Christians who identify as Calvinists, the gospel includes the conclusion that Jesus died only for a select group of people who were predetermined by God before the world was created.

John 5:14–16 Luke 10:31–32 Luke 10:36–37 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2016-11-23

Contending with Christianity's Critics: Answering New Atheists and Other Objectors

Paul Copan and William Lane Craig — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 16 highlights.

Heb 1:8 Biblical Authority Apologetics

Scripture Commentary article 2015-09-26

Jesus draws all men to Himself? John 12:32

In John 12:32 Jesus draws all men to Himself. Is this true or must we reinterpret Jesus to remove His promise?

Hebrews 11:6 John 12:27 John 12:30 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty

Scripture Commentary article 2015-09-04

Purposeless evil?

Calvinists often talk about “purposeless evil.” In fact, Dr. James White, a Calvinist apologist from Alpha and Omega Ministries , has stated that if God did not ordain all things including the evil actions of men, then evil has no purpose. Dr.

Acts 2:22-23 Acts 2:23 Acts 4:27–28 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty

Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-19

The connection in John 6:64-65

In my post on John 6:64-65 , I showed how the reason Jesus gives for why no one can come to Him unless it has been granted him from the Father, is connected back to verse 64 and unbelief.

John 5:46 John 6:44 John 6:63 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-10

Did Jesus guard the communion table?

In our discussion of Jesus, Judas, and the first communion, a Calvinist pointed me to an article by a Calvinist author. The article was said to refute the idea that Judas was commanded to partake of the first Lord’s Supper.

1 Corinthians 11:18 1 Corinthians 11:20 1 Corinthians 11:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Communion

Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-08

Did Judas receive communion?

My post on Judas Was Judas Predestined to be Lost? has been challenged. This post is an answer to that challenge.

Jn. 13:1-30 John 13:26 Luke 1:3 Soteriology Calvinism Judas

Scripture Commentary article 2014-08-11

Calvinism: Who chooses? The Shepherd or the sheep?

This post is in response to Dr. James White from his August 5, 2014 podcast where he gave several challenges about the answers I posted on my blog post “Why are people not coming to Jesus?” Dr.

Deuteronomy 30:19 Deuteronomy 31:12 John 6:37 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2014-08-10

For this reason – John 6:64-65

For this reason – John 6:64-65. I am jumping ahead in my verse by verse exegesis to John 6:64-65 because these are the verses that give the answer to Jesus’ words in John 6:37, 44-45. I will start with verse 65 first.

John 1:7 John 6:37 John 6:64-65 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2014-08-04

Why are people not coming to Jesus?

Dr. James White has stated on his Dividing Line program that he wants to see how I line up the John 6 passage to show why people are not coming to Jesus. This post will summarize my view from my previous verse by verse exposition and tie in reasons for unbelief from the book of John.

1 John 4:6 1 John 5:1 2 Thess 2:10 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2014-07-22

No one can come to Jesus unless the Father draws him John 6:43-45

Jesus spoke incredibly powerful words in John chapter 6 that many people are afraid to dig into because of their concern that John 6 might contradict their theology. In fact, Calvinists are quick to challenge non-Calvinists to explain what these verses mean outside of the Calvinist interpretation.

Acts 16:14 Hosea 11:4 Isaiah 19:21 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-10-17

Unbelieving grumblers John 6:41-42

John 6:41-42 (NASB) 41 Therefore the Jews were grumbling about Him, because He said, “I am the bread that came down out of heaven.” 42 They were saying, “Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? How does He now say, ‘I have come down out of heaven’?”

John 6:41-42 John 6:42 John 6:43 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-10-16

The Will of the Father John 6:38-40

In our verse by verse discussion of John 6, we come to verse 38, a verse that highlights the will of the Father.

John 12:6 John 13:16-21 John 17:12 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-03-05

John 6:37 All that the Father gives Me will come to Me

John 6:37 (NASB) “ All that the Father gives Me will come to Me…

Acts 10:1–2 Acts 13:26 Acts 13:42–43 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-02-05

The Bread Given for the life of the World

In my last post , I showed how the crowd went from asking Jesus about what they were obligated to do to gain the bread that endures to eternal life, to the next step of asking to see the work that Jesus would do. The purpose of the work is to bring the crowd to faith in Jesus.

John 6:33 John 6:34-36 John 6:35 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-11

God’s conditions: From doing to seeing in John 6:30-33

In my last post , I talked about how Jesus showed the unbelieving crowd, who followed Him in John 6, that the “work” which result is meant to bring the crowd to belief , is God’s work. When Jesus shared that it is God’s work, not the work of the crowd, the crowd demanded a work from Jesus.

John 6:27 John 6:30 John 6:31 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-10

God’s Work that you believe John 6:28, 29

In my last post , I discussed the phrase in John 6, which Calvinists ignore from their own proof text passage. In this post, we will deal with John 6:28, 29.

John 6:27 John 6:28 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-08

The Son of Man WILL give you – John 6:27

The verse that is the most ignored by Calvinists in their own proof text is John 6:27, and within the verse, in particular, a specific phrase.

John 6:26 John 6:27 John 6:28 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-05

Does Matthew conflict with Luke about Judas?

In my post about Judas and the last supper, Colin Maxwell, a Calvinist responded to my post, although not responding on this blog, but on his twitter account @weeCalvin.

Luke 1:1–3 Luke 22:18 Luke 22:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Judas

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-03

All who are drawn come to Jesus? John 6:44

In my last post , I showed that Scripture must not be taken out of context by making the word “draw” mean “drag” in John 6:44.

Isaiah 54:13 Isaiah 55:1–3 John 3:16 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2012-12-03

Does God’s drawing mean that He drags people to Himself?

If we are to believe Calvinism, we would have to conclude that God is a “dragger.” Calvinists are quick to point out that in John 6:44 the term “draw” actually means “drag” and this is what God does to His elect who, in their unregenerate state, are both unwilling and unable to respond to Him in fai...

John 6:44 John 6:45 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty

Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-30

Did God hang babies out to dry with the rest of sinning humanity?

My last post on Judas brought up a discussion of Jesus’ words about Judas and what it would have been like for him had he not been born.

James 1:15 Jeremiah 19:4–5 Jeremiah 7:31 Soteriology Calvinism

Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-22

Was Judas predestined to be lost?

Is Judas a problem for your theology? He can be a problem if some of your beliefs come from tradition and not from the Scriptures. In this article, I would like to discuss the full Scriptural view of Judas and ask you to test your own understanding against what the Scripture reveals.

2 Timothy 2:13 John 13:1 John 13:10–11 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-16

Was John the Baptist predestined to be saved?

In the teaching of Calvinism, there is an election to salvation for some men while the rest of mankind are created without a hope of eternal life. In this understanding God has pre-determined from eternity past that all but the elect would remain in their sin and be lost forever.

Isaiah 40:3 John 1:15 John 1:29 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2012-07-29

Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ

Robert Bowman, J. Ed Komoszewski, and Darrell L. Bock — Kindle highlights from 'Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ'. 100 highlights.

1 Cor. 15:24 1 Kings 8:27 1 Thess. 1:3 Trinity Christology Apologetics

Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-07

Masculine Christianity

This is part 2 of What God intended at creation and it is inspired by a recent lecture given by John Piper where he states that God’s intention for Christianity is for it to have a “ masculine feel “. After discussing John Piper’s Masculine Christianity, I will give my critique of his masculine argu

1 Corinthians 2:1 1 Timothy 2:12 2 Kings 22:3 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation

Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-27

Ephesians 5 Christian Liberty

This post is the essence of the sermon Spirit-Filled Living part 1 by Pastor Darrell Johnson of First Baptist Church, Vancouver, BC, Canada. If you would like to listen to the entire sermon, you can listen to the sermon here

Ecclesiastes 5 Ephesians 5:18 Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 5 Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-09-22

Eve Prototype

This post is the second part of an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. The first points 1 – 4 are discussed here

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-25

Specific Or General Woman

This post will be an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. I will also consider the challenge to my view from the new verbal aspect theory

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:10 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-14

Repost Authority Vs Submission A Biblical View Of Ephesians 522

My original 2010 post crashed because there were too many comments for my blog to handle, so I am putting up this post again so that people can read the article which is no longer available because of the crash. Thanks to one of my readers who asked me to repost

Amos 21 Colossians 11 Colossians 3:18 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2011-04-21

I Dont Need You

The body of Christ is a body ministry where each of us are needed and each gift that God has distributed among us is needed. So why is it that many men say that they do not need for a woman teacher when this personal rejection of their own need is contradicted by 1 Corinthians 12:21

1 Corinthians 12:21 Ecclesiastes 1 Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-04-14

1 Timothy 212 Prohibitions Revisited

I started a post months ago and then life became so complicated I had to set my blog aside to cope. This post will now be the new “home” on the discussion on whether 1 Timothy 2:12 has two prohibitions or one

1 Timothy 1:20 1 Timothy 1:3 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2 Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2010-06-02

Submission And Origin Of Authority

When is authority given and when can it be rightfully assumed. These are questions that have divided egalitarians and complementarians in the area of marriage

Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 6:7 Ephesians 6:9 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-05-23

Authority Vs Submission Biblical View

Yesterday I received two polar opposite views of Ephesians 5:22 by email. One was from “NN” who has responded here in the past

Amos 21 Colossians 11 Colossians 3:18 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2010-05-14

Calling God To Account

While God is Sovereign, some men believe that they can set a limit on God’s gifts. In the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood’s doctrinal stand, they believe that God is allowed to distribute gifts to men and women alike with the gifts listed in 1 Cor

1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Peter 4:10 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-16

Married Authority Husband

In our continuing topic of common objections to women in ministry, the objection is raised that women cannot have authority in the church since wives are under their husband’s authority. The concern is that if women had leadership roles in the church, then their leadership role would be in submissio

Luke 1:30 Luke 1:38 Matthew 1:18 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-14

T4G Comp Tied To Gospel

The 2010 Together for the Gospel conference is on right now as I write this article. The conference this year is called The Unadjusted Gospel and according to J

Colossians 14:34-35 Ephesians 4:2 Exodus 1 Women in Leadership Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-11

The Path Of The Last Adam

The path of the last Adam was a path that took Him from Heaven to earth, from the earth to the grave and from the grave to resurrection power on display as our Lord, Savior and King. But a study in contrast with the first Adam shows us the stark contrast to the faithfulness that the last Adam offer

1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Peter 5:8 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-26

Sin Nature Through Man

The question has come up on this blog about whether Adam had a sin nature at the fall that would have been passed on to all of us, and if this is an issue that is important regarding women in ministry. After all, we need to know why it is that only Adam would bring sin into the world and if all of u

1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 15:45 1 Timothy 1:13 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

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