Philip Payne's claim about Galen is factually false — Galen affirmed the brain controls cognition and willed action

Payne claims Galen reasserted the primacy of the liver as the body's control center. Mike cites Frank Freeman, a professor of neurology at Vanderbilt University, who wrote 'Galen's Ideas on Neurological Function,' showing that Galen determined the brain, not the chest, was the site of rational power controlling human behavior. Galen considered the liver important but did not view it as the seat of cognition. Freeman notes that Galen concluded 'the brain controlled cognition and willed action' and that personality/emotion were attributed to the body or heart/liver, but rational power was in the brain.