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Theology greek term

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

greek
Theology greek term

λαλέω (laleo)

to speak, to talk, to proclaim; general word for verbal expression

greek
Theology greek term

γεννητής (gennetes)

procreator, begetter, one who generates life; used as an interpretation of kephalē

greek
Theology greek term

προβολεύς (proboleus)

progenitor, originator, one who projects or sends forth; used as an interpretation of kephalē

greek
Theology greek term

אִשָּׁה (isha)

woman, wife; taken from man (ish); the female human being

greek
Theology greek term

הָפַכ לֶגּוֹמֵן (hapax legomenon)

a word used only once in the entire corpus; single-occurrence term

greek
Theology greek term

αὐθεντοῦντος (authentountos)

ruling, exercising authority (participle of authenteō, patristic usage from 4th c. AD)

greek
Theology greek term

αὐθεντικός (authentikos)

original, authentic, authoritative; relating to the source or master

greek
Theology greek term

αὐτοδικεῖν (autodikein)

to plead one's own cause; to act as one's own advocate (Attic Greek equivalent of authentein)

greek
Theology greek term

ἄλλα (alla)

but, rather, on the contrary; strong adversative conjunction

greek
Theology greek term

dominare / dominari (dominare)

to rule, to dominate, to lord it over (Latin; used to translate authenteō in the Vulgate)

greek
Theology greek term

στρατηγός (strategos)

general, commander; magistrate, police captain (civic official in Hellenistic and Roman contexts)

greek
Theology greek term

στῦλος (stylos)

pillar, column; used metaphorically of the church as the pillar and support of truth

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνδρός (andros)

of a man, man's (genitive of anēr); used in key 1 Tim 2:12 phrase authentein andros

greek
Theology greek term

λαμβάνω (lambano)

to take, to receive, to accept; foundational verb of reception and appropriation

greek
Theology greek term

τούτων (touton)

of these, over these; genitive plural pronoun in the authenteō papyrus

greek
Theology greek term

ἐξουσίαν ἐπί (exousian epi)

authority over (accusative); directional authority phrase in Revelation

greek
Theology greek term

מַשָּׂא (massa')

oracle, prophetic burden, pronouncement of divine judgment

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχή (archē)

beginning, origin, source; rule, authority, first cause

greek
Theology greek term

αἴτιος (aitios)

cause, source, author; responsible

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχηγός (archēgos)

originator, author, pioneer, founder, trailblazing leader

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Theology greek term

נְבִיאָה (nĕbî'āh)

prophetess (feminine of נָבִיא)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Definition of egalitarianism: equality in both personhood and role, with no limits on what women can do in the church including serving as elders.

Framing the debate — defining key terms

eldership gender roles egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

For egalitarians these role questions are easy; for complementarians they require nuance. Examples include women theologians like Nancy Pearcey and the debate over women seminary teachers (John Piper opposes it).

Scope of practical questions raised by this debate

John Piper complementarianism Nancy Pearcey John Piper
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Women as authors and book endorsements — Mike endorsed Natasha Crain's book 'Faithfully Different' and asks whether that endorsement is acceptable.

Scope of practical questions raised by this debate

Natasha Crain Faithfully Different women authors
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Series roadmap: Video 1 covers bypassing the Bible with bad logic; Video 2 covers Genesis 1-3 and whether the creation account supports male authority.

Series overview and roadmap

series roadmap Gen 1-3 creation order
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 5 will cover Galatians 3:28 ('no male or female in Christ') — the egalitarian 'trump card.'

Series overview and roadmap

Gal 3:28 egalitarian proof text no male or female
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 6 will cover headship — whether husbands are 'head' of their wives. Egalitarians reject or redefine 'head' (kephale).

Series overview and roadmap

egalitarian scholarship kephale headship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 9 will cover 1 Timothy 2 — the key complementarian passage about women not teaching or having authority over men, including the word authentein and the cult of Artemis.

Series overview and roadmap

1 Tim 2:12 authentein cult of Artemis
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Direct address to women in ministry: Mike is not questioning their hearts, impact, or calling them false teachers simply because they are women who teach.

Pastoral aside to women in ministry

women in ministry pastoral sensitivity false teacher accusation
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

This anti-patriarchy presupposition leads egalitarian scholars to one of two conclusions: the Bible does not teach patriarchy, or the Bible teaches it and is wrong.

Mistake #3: Evils of patriarchy

egalitarian scholarship Bible and patriarchy biblical authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Groothuis's argument appears in chapter 20 of 'Discovering Biblical Equality' — a brand new edition of the premier egalitarian multi-author volume that Mike read including an advance copy.

Mistake #4: Equality of personhood rules out role differences

egalitarian scholarship Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Discovering Biblical Equality
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Rebuttal: women's submission is not comprehensive — Groothuis claims there is 'no area in which a woman has any authority, privilege, or opportunity that a man is denied,' which massively overstates complementarian claims.

Mistake #4: Rebutting 'comprehensive'

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Discovering Biblical Equality comprehensive submission
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Many egalitarians expand male authority to its most monstrous extreme to make it intolerable, causing readers to reject complementarianism before ever reading the Bible.

Mistake #4: Egalitarian rhetorical strategy

bypassing scripture straw man argument egalitarian rhetoric
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Groothuis's argument only works against an extreme form of complementarianism that most complementarians would also reject — it attacks a straw man.

Mistake #4: Straw man critique

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis straw man argument relational submission
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Groothuis's rebuttal that prophets had more authority than Levites is a red herring — Levites were the regular, widespread spiritual authorities throughout Israel.

Mistake #4: Levite analogy — responding to Groothuis's counter

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Levites prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Additional analogy: only a son of David could be king of Israel — this eliminates most people from the highest authority by nature, yet does not make them less human.

Mistake #4: Davidic kingship analogy

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis nature-based roles Davidic kingship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Even if Groothuis is right philosophically, her conclusion explicitly blocks Bible reading — she says there can be 'no biblical or theological warrant' for women's submission, which pre-determines what the Bible is allowed to say.

Mistake #4: How Groothuis's argument bypasses scripture

bypassing scripture biblical authority Rebecca Merrill Groothuis
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Both Groothuis and Payne's philosophical arguments kill Bible study by leaving only two options: the Bible supports egalitarianism, or the Bible is wrong.

Mistake #4: Conclusion

bypassing scripture Philip Payne biblical authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Story-driven theology uses real horrific abuse examples to claim they are the automatic result of complementarianism, which keeps people from reading the Bible.

Mistake #5: Story-driven theology

bypassing scripture domestic abuse story-driven theology
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Mike's rebuttal: the argument that complementarianism causally relates to domestic violence does not pass the 'smell test' when applied consistently to other authority structures.

Mistake #5: Rebuttal via analogy

government analogy authority structures logical consistency
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Extending the analogy: church authority has been abused, boss-employee relationships have been abusive — should we abolish all authority structures?

Mistake #5: Rebuttal via analogy continued

authority structures Ed Citronelli church abuse
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Linda Belleville is so opposed to submission that she argues nobody had authority in the early church — not even Jesus or the apostles.

Mistake #6: Belleville's extreme position on authority

Linda Belleville submission authority in the early church
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Mistake #7: Picking one passage to rule all the rest — both sides do this, creating contradictions within the Bible rather than seeking unified understanding.

Mistake #7: One passage rules the rest

1 Tim 2:12 proof-texting canonical consistency
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

When all scripture is examined in detail, a beautiful balance emerges — like Mike's previous study on alcohol, which showed positive and negative passages creating a nuanced view.

Mistake #7: The benefit of a unified biblical approach

hermeneutics unified biblical interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Preview of Genesis 1-3 debate: creation order, Adam naming Eve, Eve as climax of creation, Adam blamed for the fall, dominion given to both, 'your husband will rule over you' — with complementarian and egalitarian responses to each.

Preview of next video (Video 2)

Gen 1-3 creation order Adam naming Eve
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Definition of complementarian and egalitarian positions in the debate over women in ministry.

Framing the two sides of the debate

women in ministry complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Both egalitarians and complementarians agree that Genesis 1-3 is theologically foundational for understanding male-female relationships.

Establishing common ground between the two sides

Gen 1-3 Discovering Biblical Equality Mary Conway
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

The general complementarian approach sees Genesis 2 showing husband's leadership role, confirmed in Genesis 3; the egalitarian approach says authority only appears in Genesis 3 as part of the curse.

Overview of the two interpretive frameworks for Genesis 2-3

male authority Gen 2 Gen 3
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