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Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 15:22-29 -- The Apostolic letter: the Holy Spirit and the Apostles together impose no greater burden than four essentials. These four are explicitly for sanctification ('you will do well'), not salvation.

Survey of the Apostolic letter text

James (brother of Jesus) Acts 15:22-29 Holy Spirit James (brother of Jesus) salvation vs. sanctification
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Challenge to Hebrew Roots movement: if Matthew 5 and 28 teach Torah for all, why does Acts never once tell Gentiles to obey the law? The silence disproves the interpretation.

Summary challenge to Hebrew Roots reading of Acts

Matthew 5 Matthew 28 argument from silence Great Commission Matthew 5
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 16:1-3 -- Timothy is circumcised by Paul, despite delivering the decree that Gentiles need not be circumcised. His circumcision is for missionary effectiveness among Jews.

Survey of Acts 16, Timothy's circumcision

Acts 16:1-3 Timothy Paul the Apostle circumcision
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

1 Corinthians 9:19-22 -- Paul becomes as a Jew to win Jews, as under the law to win those under the law, as without law to win those without law. Timothy's circumcision fits this pattern.

Cross-reference to 1 Corinthians 9 to explain Timothy's circumcision

1 Corinthians 9:19-22 Timothy Paul the Apostle law of Christ
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Timothy was not circumcised because he was Jewish -- he was circumcised for ministry effectiveness. This distinction is critical: it is fulfillment theology, not law-keeping.

Clarification on Timothy's circumcision motivation

Timothy Jewish identity fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Summary: Gentiles who get saved in Acts never receive Torah instructions; Jews are never asked to stop. Both groups are united by Jesus, not by the law.

Summary of Acts survey to this point

Torah observance Jewish believers fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 18:13 -- Paul accused of persuading men to worship God contrary to the law. Again just an accusation, paralleling the pattern with Jesus: fulfillment misread as abolishment.

Survey of Acts 18:13

Acts 18:13 Paul the Apostle Law of Moses fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 18:18 -- Paul keeps a Nazirite vow (hair cut) years after the resurrection. Consistent with Jewish believers continuing optional Torah practices.

Survey of Acts 18:18, Paul's Nazirite vow

1 Corinthians 9 Acts 18:18 Nazirite vow Paul the Apostle 1 Corinthians 9
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 20:16 -- Paul hurries to reach Jerusalem for Pentecost. Winger notes he missed Passover and his motivation is gospel preaching to Jews gathered for the feast, not pure feast-day observance.

Survey of Acts 20:16, Paul and Pentecost

Acts 20:16 Acts 20:24 Pentecost Paul the Apostle feast days
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Key observation: the Ephesian elders are not going to Jerusalem for Pentecost -- Paul is the exception, not the rule. Gentile believers are not flocking to Jerusalem for feasts.

Analysis of Acts 20:17, Paul's address to Ephesian elders

Acts 20:17 Ephesian elders Paul the Apostle feast days
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 20:27 -- Paul declares he gave the Ephesians the whole counsel of God. If Torah observance was required, he would have included it -- but he did not.

Paul's claim to have given the whole counsel of God

Acts 20:27 Torah observance Ephesus Paul the Apostle
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 21 addresses the opposite error: not telling Jews to stop obeying the law. Acts 15 covered Gentiles; Acts 21 covers Jews. Both errors must be avoided.

Introduction to Acts 21 analysis

Acts 15 Acts 21 Acts 15 Torah observance Acts 21
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 21:20-21 -- thousands of Jewish believers are zealous for the law; there is a rumor that Paul teaches Jews to forsake Moses and stop circumcising their children

Survey of Acts 21:20-21

James (brother of Jesus) Acts 21:20-21 Paul the Apostle James (brother of Jesus) Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 21:23-24 -- Paul is asked to join four men under a vow and pay their expenses, demonstrating publicly that he walks orderly and keeps the law -- to refute the false rumor

Survey of Acts 21:23-24, Paul and the vow

Acts 21:23-24 Nazirite vow Paul the Apostle Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 21:25 -- James reminds Paul of the Acts 15 Apostolic Decree: the Gentiles only need the four abstentions. The Jew/Gentile distinction in the decree is explicitly restated.

Acts 21:25, restatement of the Acts 15 decree

James (brother of Jesus) Acts 21:25 James (brother of Jesus) Apostolic Decree Acts 21:25
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Three conclusions from Acts 21: (1) Jews may continue obeying the law (beware Pharisaical additions); (2) Gentiles still have only the four commands; (3) Jewish believers in Jerusalem years later are still Torah-observant -- and that is fine.

Summary of Acts 21 analysis

Acts 21 Torah observance Acts 21 Jewish believers
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 25:8 -- Paul says he committed no offense against the law of the Jews. Consistent with fulfillment theology: Paul in Christ has not violated the true spirit of the law.

Survey of Acts 25:8

Acts 25:8 Paul the Apostle Law of Moses fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 28:17 -- Paul says he has done nothing against the customs of our fathers. Again consistent with fulfillment theology.

Survey of Acts 28:17

Acts 28:17 Paul the Apostle fulfillment theology Acts 28:17
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Final summary of Acts survey: (1) prior law observers continued; (2) non-law observers continued not following it; (3) obedience to law is not required for salvation OR sanctification; (4) the question is what fulfillment means, not abolishment

Concluding summary of the entire Acts survey

Acts (book) Torah observance Law of Moses Acts (book)
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: strategy for reaching those deeply in Hebrew Roots movement -- speak truth in love, handle one issue at a time, use Acts 13-15 in Bible study format

Q&A response about evangelizing Hebrew Roots adherents

Acts 15 Acts 13 Acts 15 Hebrew Roots movement apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: Gentiles and Sabbath/Sunday worship -- Winger says the day of worship does not matter; the Sabbath has not shifted from Saturday to Sunday

Q&A on Sabbath observance for Gentiles

Sabbath observance Gentile believers Lord's Day (Sunday worship)
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: difference between preaching Jesus as Christ to Jews vs. as Lord to Gentiles -- connects to what the audience already knows from Scripture

Q&A on Jewish vs. Gentile evangelism vocabulary

resurrection Gentile evangelism Messiah (title)
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: the Ten Commandments are not selectively binding because they are in the Ten Commandments -- believers are not under the law, but follow the heart of God as fulfilled in Christ

Q&A on Ten Commandments and Sabbath

Law of Moses Ten Commandments law of Christ
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: tithing -- the tithe is a Mosaic law (10% to Levites/temple) and is not required for believers; Christians should give freely as the Lord directs to the poor, persecuted, and ministers

Q&A on tithing

New Covenant Law of Moses Levites
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: Revelation 20-21 as the end of the Mosaic law -- Winger is uncertain; notes a real transition happens in new heavens/new earth but declines to definitively call it the end of the law

Q&A on eschatology and the law

Revelation 20-21 eschatology Law of Moses new heavens and new earth
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: difference between Hebrew Roots movement (HRM) and Messianic Judaism -- HRM is predominantly Gentiles taking on Torah; Messianic Judaism is Jews who believe Jesus is Messiah

Q&A distinguishing HRM from Messianic Judaism

Hebrew Roots movement Messianic Judaism Jewish believers
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Series introduction: pivotal issue of whether Christians should obey the Law of Moses

Opening of Hebrew Roots part 4 livestream

Romans 6:14 Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses Torah Observance
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' interpretation of Romans 6:14 is the specific target of the episode

Naming the opposing interpreter

Romans 6:14 119 Ministries under the law Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Summary of the four-part Hebrew Roots series: Parts 1–3 recap

Series overview for new viewers

Matthew 5 Acts circumcision Matthew 5 Acts
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' first interpretive move: raising the question of which law Paul means in Romans 6:14

Presenting 119 Ministries' argument before critique

Romans 6:14 119 Ministries law of Christ under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Winger's critique: 119 Ministries compares "the law of X" phrases to the unqualified phrase "the law"

First critique of 119 Ministries' method

Romans 6:14 hermeneutics exegesis Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' second move: false dichotomy between "under sin" and "under Law of Moses"

Presenting the second interpretive move of 119 Ministries

Romans 6:14 false dichotomy 119 Ministries under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 3:20 establishes a connection between the law and the knowledge of sin

Scriptural support for the law-sin connection

Romans 3:20 knowledge of sin Law of Moses law and sin connection
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 7:8 — sin uses the commandment as an opportunity; apart from the law sin is dead

Scriptural support for law-sin connection

Romans 7:8 law and sin connection Romans 7:8 power of sin
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Galatians 3:21-22 — the law imprisons everything under sin so that promise comes by faith

Scriptural support for law-sin connection

Galatians 3:21-22 law and sin connection Galatians 3:21-22 imprisoned under sin
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

1 Corinthians 15:56 — the power of sin is the law

Scriptural support for law-sin connection

1 Corinthians 15:56 law and sin connection power of sin 1 Corinthians 15:56
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Greek word analysis: kyrieuō (dominion) vs. hypo (under) in Romans 6:14

Greek word-level critique of 119 Ministries' interpretation

Romans 6:14 dominion Greek exegesis Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' conclusion: Romans 6:14 refers to the "law of sin and death," not the Law of Moses

Presenting 119 Ministries' final interpretive conclusion

Romans 6:14 Law of Moses 119 Ministries under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The false dichotomy makes 119's interpretation agreeable in isolation but wrong in exclusivity

Winger's summative critique of the false dichotomy

false dichotomy 119 Ministries law of Christ
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The unqualified "the law" appears 35+ times in Romans before 6:14 and always refers to the Law of Moses

Argument from Pauline usage in Romans

Romans Romans exegesis Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries claims Romans 6:14 introduces the "law of sin and death" — but Paul actually introduces it in Romans 7

Critique of 119's ad hoc exegesis

Romans 7 Romans 6:14 119 Ministries Romans 7 Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' circular argument: freedom from law of sin requires obeying the Law of Moses via 1 John 4:3

Critique of 119's overall logical structure

1 John 4:3 circular reasoning Law of Moses 119 Ministries
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 6:15 refutes 119's interpretation of Romans 6:14 by context

Contextual argument using the immediately following verse

Romans 6:14 Romans 6:15 Law of Moses under the law Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Walking in the Spirit is the new mode of life replacing life under the Law of Moses

Positive alternative to law-keeping as the standard for Christian living

Romans Galatians Romans sanctification Galatians
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 2:12 — "under the law" refers to Jews who have the Law of Moses

Surveying Pauline uses of "under the law" — first instance

Romans 2:12 Law of Moses Romans 2:12 under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 3:19 — the law speaks to those under it; clearly Jewish people

Surveying Pauline uses — second instance

Romans 3:19 accountability Law of Moses under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

1 Corinthians 9:20-21 — Paul uses "under the law" four times, clearly meaning Jews/Jewish law observance

Surveying Pauline uses — third instance

1 Corinthians 9:20-21 Law of Moses law of Christ under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Paul's two caveats in 1 Cor 9:20-21: not under the Law of Moses, but also not lawless — under the law of Christ

Distinguishing freedom from the law vs. antinomianism

1 Corinthians 9:20-21 Law of Moses law of Christ fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Galatians 3:23 — before faith we were held captive "under the law," referring to the Law of Moses for Jews

Surveying Pauline uses — fourth instance

Galatians 3:23 Law of Moses under the law Galatians 3:23
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Galatians 3:25 — we are no longer under the guardian (the law)

Surveying Pauline uses — fifth instance

Galatians 3:25 faith in Christ Law of Moses under the law
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