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Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-09

Women in Places of Power in the Old Testament

Research clippings examining the Proverbs 31 woman as a public figure praised at the city gates — the seat of legal and civic authority. Argues that King Lemuel's mother was a prophet whose oracle comprises the chapter, and that the Proverbs 31 woman exercised judgment and public leadership, not merely domestic roles.

2 Kings 10:8–9 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:15 Genesis & Creation Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-08

What Mike Winger Gets Wrong on What Women Can’t Do

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 13 on what women can and can't do according to the Bible

1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Timothy 2:12 Ephesians 5:21-22 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2021-04-05

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus

Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona — Kindle highlights from 'The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus'. 110 highlights.

Colossians 2:9 Phil 3:21 Christology Apologetics Resurrection
Scripture Commentary article 2020-11-18

Who''s Tampering with the Trinity?: An Assessment of the Subordination Debate

Millard Erickson — Kindle highlights from 'Who''s Tampering with the Trinity?: An Assessment of the Subordination Debate'. 1 highlights.

John 5:18 Trinity Christology
Scripture Commentary article 2020-11-08

The Deep Things of God: How the Trinity Changes Everything

Fred Sanders — Kindle highlights from 'The Deep Things of God: How the Trinity Changes Everything'. 1 highlights.

Trinity Soteriology
Scripture Commentary article 2019-12-26

Jesus, Justice, and Gender Roles: A Case for Gender Roles in Ministry (Fresh Perspectives on Women in Ministry)

Kathy Keller — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 6 highlights.

1 Timothy 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:17–18 Luke 4:24 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2018-06-08

Forensic Faith: A Homicide Detective Makes the Case for a More Reasonable, Evidential Christian Faith

J. Warner Wallace — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 2 highlights.

Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-10

No man left behind: Jesus died for all

Did Jesus’ death leave no man left behind that was not covered by His death on the cross? For many Christians who identify as Calvinists, the gospel includes the conclusion that Jesus died only for a select group of people who were predetermined by God before the world was created.

John 5:14–16 Luke 10:31–32 Luke 10:36–37 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-01-04

How does God harden a man’s heart?

How does God harden a man’s heart? We know that God can and does harden hearts because the Bible tells us this, but how and why does God choose to do this? And if all people are created with pre-hardened hearts as some suggest, then why is it necessary for God to harden a man’s heart? Let’s consider...

2 Chronicles 18:18–22 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 2 Timothy 3:9 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 1-2: The Designer Knows Best

[Music] oh [Music] Lord why would you give me gifts that you don't allow me to use in the church just because I'm a woman why does the bible always use the term man am I important to God [Music] too why do you love boys more than girls why am I told that I can't lead in public prayer why are there s...

1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Timothy 2:13 2 Timothy 3:16 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 3: Head Coverings and Authority - 1 Corinthians 11

[Music] 1 Corinthians 11 has been a difficult chapter throughout church history there are some things that are hard to understand about this passage but using an understanding of the Jewish mindset will help us unravel Paul's reasoning let's start at verse three but I want you to understand that Chr...

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2017-01-29

Reinventing Jesus: How Contemporary Skeptics Miss the Real Jesus and Mislead Popular Culture

J. Ed Komoszewski — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 18 highlights.

Biblical Authority Christology Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2016-11-23

Contending with Christianity's Critics: Answering New Atheists and Other Objectors

Paul Copan and William Lane Craig — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 16 highlights.

Heb 1:8 Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2016-07-25

The Hebrew Yeshua vs. the Greek Jesus

Nehemia Gordon — Kindle highlights from 'The Hebrew Yeshua vs. the Greek Jesus'. 1 highlights.

Biblical Authority Christology
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels

Kenneth E. Bailey — Kindle highlights from 'Jesus Through Middle Eastern Eyes: Cultural Studies in the Gospels'. 19 highlights.

Lev 20:12 Luke 2:7 Mt 28:18-20 Biblical Authority Christology
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

On Guard: Defending Your Faith with Reason and Precision

William Lane Craig and Lee Strobel — Kindle highlights from 'On Guard: Defending Your Faith with Reason and Precision'. 7 highlights.

1 Peter 3:15 Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

The Historical Jesus of the Gospels

Craig S. Keener — Kindle highlights from 'The Historical Jesus of the Gospels'. 3 highlights.

Biblical Authority Christology Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority

Jonathan Morrow — Kindle highlights from 'Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority'. 39 highlights.

2 Corinthians 5:7 2 Peter 1:20–21 2 Timothy 3:14–15 Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Exploring the Origins of the Bible: Canon Formation in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective (Acadia Studies in Bible and Theology)

Emanuel Tov and Craig A. Evans — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 14 highlights.

Lev. 19:18 Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2015-03-24

Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions

Gregory Koukl — Kindle highlights from 'Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions'. 123 highlights.

Luke 20:24 Luke 20:4 Mark 2:9 Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2012-07-29

Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ

Robert Bowman, J. Ed Komoszewski, and Darrell L. Bock — Kindle highlights from 'Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ'. 100 highlights.

1 Cor. 15:24 1 Kings 8:27 1 Thess. 1:3 Trinity Christology Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-07

Masculine Christianity

This is part 2 of What God intended at creation and it is inspired by a recent lecture given by John Piper where he states that God’s intention for Christianity is for it to have a “ masculine feel “. After discussing John Piper’s Masculine Christianity, I will give my critique of his masculine argu

1 Corinthians 2:1 1 Timothy 2:12 2 Kings 22:3 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-10

Creation Rule

## What did God intend at creation

Genesis 1:26 Isaiah 49:15 Numbers 11:12 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-08

Eph 5 Infected

In my last post, I presented one of the best sermons that I have ever heard on Ephesians 5, regarding the evidence of Spirit-filled lives for both men and women. This post is on the opposite of the Spirit-filled life which is an influx of worldly infection through male-centered pride

Luke 22:25 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-27

Ephesians 5 Christian Liberty

This post is the essence of the sermon Spirit-Filled Living part 1 by Pastor Darrell Johnson of First Baptist Church, Vancouver, BC, Canada. If you would like to listen to the entire sermon, you can listen to the sermon here

Ecclesiastes 5 Ephesians 5:18 Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 5 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-10-29

Phil Johnson Monstrous Divas

Phil Johnson over at Pyromaniacs has struck up some heat on a post that he titles “The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of the Discernment Divas”. In this post and in his subsequent comments he makes his position plain that women are not allowed to publicly point out an erro

1 Corinthians 12:11 1 Corinthians 12:6 1 Corinthians 14:1 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-14

T4G Comp Tied To Gospel

The 2010 Together for the Gospel conference is on right now as I write this article. The conference this year is called The Unadjusted Gospel and according to J

Colossians 14:34-35 Ephesians 4:2 Exodus 1 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-28

John Piper Takes Leave Of Ministry To Work On His Marriage

On March 28, 2010, complementarian John Piper announced that he is leaving ministry for a time because of several issues of pride that were affecting his soul and had taken a toll on his relationship with his wife Noël. Below is what Piper has written about his issues and his next steps

Proverbs 22 Romans 1 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-26

Sin Nature Through Man

The question has come up on this blog about whether Adam had a sin nature at the fall that would have been passed on to all of us, and if this is an issue that is important regarding women in ministry. After all, we need to know why it is that only Adam would bring sin into the world and if all of u

1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 15:45 1 Timothy 1:13 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-21

Eve Usurped Adam Authority

In our continuing topic of common objections to women in ministry, we come to the claim that Eve usurped Adam’s authority when she spoke to the serpent. To deal with this claim, we will be looking at both the claim that Eve rebelled against Adam in the garden and the claim that God gave Adam a respo

Acts 5:1-10 Daniel 6:7 Genesis 1:26 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-07

Why Was Eve Punished

In our discussions on Genesis, there has been one puzzling question. If Adam alone sinned willfully and the woman fell into sin through deception, then why did God punish Eve so severely for her sin

Colossians 2:15 Genesis 3:14 Genesis 3:15 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-02-20

Adam Names Eve

One of the positions that complementarians commonly hold is that male and female were created with distinct roles so that one (the male) is said to have been given the authority over the other (the female) and the fact that Adam names Eve is used as proof of the man’s authority. CMBW (The Council on

Acts 22 Exodus 1 Exodus 23 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2010-02-17

Gods Design In Genesis

How is it that there are millions of Christians who all look to the same Genesis account yet find themselves with different and contradictory truth claims from the same account. While many conclude that man was designed in a special way that sets him above the woman with special God-given privileges

Genesis 1:26 Genesis 1:28 Genesis 3 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2009-12-20

Equal In Value And Worth In Whose Eyes

One of the problems with the definitions that complementarians provide  is that the definitions aren’t complete enough on the surface to reveal the underlying hierarchical nature. However, when one pushes to get the answers to some difficult questions, the picture becomes a lot clearer

Galatians 3:28 Lamentations 1 Lamentations 3:28 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-11-10

Comp View Of 1Cor11 Mark

This post is a first. I have never before taken the writing of a complementarian and posted it on my blog

1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:13-16 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-09-30

Neopatriarch Once Again Fails To Refute Cheryl Schatz

## Challenging my position that 1 Timothy 2:15 is a single woman

1 Timothy 2:10 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:11-12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-09-02

Mike Seaver Cheryl Schatz 10

## Responses to question #5

1 Corinthians 10:15 1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 14:36 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2009-07-27

Mike Seaver And Cheryl Schatz 1

## Building Bridges on the Women in Ministry debate

1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 3:2 Acts 2:17 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2009-06-24

1 Peter 3 6 Obey

How does 1 Peter 3:5, 6 with the Bible’s use of the word “obey” affect wives and in particular women in ministry

1 Corinthians 8:6 1 Peter 1:1 1 Peter 1:10-12 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership 1 Peter 3
Scripture Commentary article 2009-04-19

Paul_And_Genesis

This is the sixth in a series of simulated interviews with the Apostle Paul taken from the position of what he might say if we could transport Paul from the New Testament account through a time tunnel into our present day

1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2:13 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
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