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Mike Winger idea 2019-03-27

Boghossian self-contradicts by quoting David Hume approvingly: "A wise man proportions his belief to the evidence"

Mike identifies a self-contradiction on page 45

David Hume A Manual for Creating Atheists Peter Boghossian
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-27

Cameron Bertuzzi (Capturing Christianity): inability to answer a question doesn't mean Christianity is false; testimony is a legitimate epistemic basis

Video clip from Cameron Bertuzzi with pastoral/apologetic advice for Christians facing SE

Apologetics Capturing Christianity Cameron Bertuzzi
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-27

Mike takes one audience question: book recommendations for atheists — Josh McDowell's Evidence That Demands a Verdict and More Than a Carpenter

Q&A section, only one question received from non-believers

Josh McDowell Evidence That Demands a Verdict Sean McDowell
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Primary source citation: Sean McDowell's book "The Fate of the Apostles" as the main resource for this content

Mike credits his primary source before diving into the evidence

Sean McDowell martyrdom The Fate of the Apostles
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Establishing premise: general persecution was the normal reality for first-century Christians from the very beginning

Mike lays foundational context before presenting specific apostolic martyrdom evidence

early Christian persecution first-century Christianity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Mark 13:9 — Jesus's prediction of persecution for his disciples as evidence that persecution was anticipated from the beginning

Biblical evidence for the normalcy of persecution

Mark 13:9 early Christian persecution Mark 13:9 Jesus' predictions
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Matthew 23:34 — Jesus sends prophets and scribes who will be killed, crucified, and flogged as evidence persecution was an expected norm

Additional scripture confirming persecution as the anticipated norm for followers

Matthew 23:34 early Christian persecution Matthew 23:34
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

John 9: Expulsion from the synagogue for confessing Jesus as Christ — evidence of persecution even during Jesus's ministry

Persecution predates the death of Jesus; it began during his earthly ministry

John 9:22 John 9:34 early Christian persecution John 9:22 John 9:34
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Prison epistles and other NT letters as evidence that suffering was a church-wide reality needing sustained pastoral address

The pervasive theme of persecution across the entire NT corpus

1 Peter Romans 8 Revelation 2-3 1 Peter Romans 8 Revelation 2-3
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Focus narrowed to Peter, James the brother of Jesus, and Paul as the three central resurrection eyewitnesses whose sincerity needs to be established

Transition from general persecution to specific apostolic martyrdoms

James the brother of Jesus Paul the Apostle apostle sincerity conspiracy hypothesis
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Gary Habermas's scholarly consensus claim: early data report the martyrdoms of Peter, James the brother of Jesus, and Paul; few scholars doubt this

Citing the scholarly consensus on apostolic martyrdoms

James the brother of Jesus scholarly consensus Paul the Apostle Gary Habermas
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

John 21:18-19 — Jesus's prediction of Peter's death (stretching out his hands) as biblical evidence for Peter's martyrdom, with dual-hypothesis argument

First biblical source for Peter's martyrdom

John 21:18-19 apostolic martyrdom Peter the Apostle John 21:18-19
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

1 Clement 5 (c. 95-97 AD) — non-apologetic, community-memory reference to Peter and Paul both suffering and dying for their faith

First extra-biblical source for Peter's (and Paul's) martyrdom

Paul the Apostle apostolic martyrdom Peter the Apostle
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Ignatius of Antioch — two letters (Smyrnaeans and Romans) as early second-century evidence for Peter's martyrdom and bodily resurrection conviction

Additional patristic source for Peter's martyrdom and the bodily nature of the resurrection

apostolic martyrdom Peter the Apostle Ignatius of Antioch
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Catalog of additional sources for Peter's martyrdom: Apocalypse of Peter, Ascension of Isaiah, Acts of Peter, Apocryphon of James, Dionysius of Corinth, Tertullian, Muratorian Canon

Demonstrating that Peter's martyrdom is attested by multiple independent streams of tradition

Acts of Peter Acts 4 Tertullian apostolic martyrdom Peter the Apostle
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

2 Corinthians 11:24-28 — Paul's own catalog of sufferings as direct first-person evidence of his willingness to endure persecution for Christ

Paul's own testimony as evidence of sincerity

2 Corinthians 11:24-28 Paul the Apostle apostolic martyrdom apostle sincerity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Philippians — Paul's pastoral management of his congregation's grief over his suffering as evidence that his persecution was a given, publicly known reality

Paul's suffering was so consistent and well-known that he had to repeatedly address the pastoral fallout from it

Philippians Paul the Apostle apostolic martyrdom apostle sincerity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Eight sources within the first and second centuries referencing Paul's martyrdom, per Sean McDowell; Polycarp references Paul's sufferings and those of all the Apostles

Summary of extra-biblical evidence for Paul's martyrdom

Paul the Apostle apostolic martyrdom Sean McDowell
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

James the brother of Jesus as the leader of the Jerusalem church; Acts 15 and 1 Corinthians 15 as key evidence for his role and resurrection witness

Transition to James as the third focal figure

Acts 15 1 Corinthians 15 James the brother of Jesus Acts 15 1 Corinthians 15 James the brother of Jesus
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

1 Corinthians 15 early creed: dating, content, and the list of resurrection witnesses including Peter, James, Paul, and the 500

Establishing the early creed as the foundational evidence for resurrection appearances

1 Corinthians 15:3-8 James the brother of Jesus Paul the Apostle 1 Corinthians 15:3-8 Peter the Apostle
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Absence of any recantation tradition for Peter, James, or Paul — an argument from silence that is evidentially significant given second-century apologetic engagement

The negative evidence: no source anywhere suggests any of these eyewitnesses recanted

James the brother of Jesus argument from silence Paul the Apostle Justin Martyr
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Conclusion: Peter, Paul, and James were sincerely convinced they had seen Jesus alive — the conspiracy/lying hypothesis is eliminated by the evidence

Summary conclusion of the main argument

James the brother of Jesus resurrection Paul the Apostle apostle sincerity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Response to the objection "9/11 bombers were also sincere" — the distinction between sincere indoctrinated believers and sincere eyewitnesses

Q&A style engagement with the most common objection to the sincerity argument

resurrection eyewitness testimony apostle sincerity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Twitter poll on the definition of faith: Christian vs. non-Christian results

Opening segment introducing the topic

faith trust belief without evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Why Mike gave only two poll options and why "trust" is the appropriate generic definition of faith

Explaining poll methodology

faith trust allegiance
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Non-Christians define faith as "belief without evidence" because they assume Christians have no evidence

Analyzing the poll divide

faith evidence for Christianity belief without evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Some Christians erroneously voted for "belief without evidence" — Mike argues this view is unbiblical

Accounting for anomalies in poll results

faith belief without evidence biblical definition of faith
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Poll manipulation: atheists voted fraudulently as Christians to skew results; example of Jen admitting it

Discussing poll integrity

poll methodology atheist activism
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Randall Haynes: a Christian confused by poll wording who voted "belief without evidence" but actually agrees faith involves evidence

Examining individual poll respondents

Billy Graham faith evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Non-believer "Snoopit" acknowledges double standard: uses "trust" for human faith but "belief without evidence" for Christian faith

Examining skeptic responses to the poll

faith belief without evidence double standard in faith definitions
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Mike attributes the pejorative definition of faith among atheists to a deliberate campaign, specifically naming Richard Dawkins

Analyzing origin of atheist definition of faith

belief without evidence Richard Dawkins atheist rhetoric on faith
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Reed (Street Epistemology YouTuber) argues that "belief without evidence" functions as a costly loyalty signal within religious in-groups

Examining another atheist's social-psychological theory of faith

Street Epistemology The Elephant in the Brain faith as loyalty signal
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Atheist responses to evidence for God ultimately reduce to anti-supernaturalism

Meta-observation about atheist argumentation

apologetics philosophical arguments for God anti-supernaturalism
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Charles Moss (former Christian) defines faith as active denial of observation to preserve belief

Examining former Christians' definitions of faith

former Christian atheists faith as denial of evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Greg Mater (former Christian) incorrectly cited Hebrews 11:1 as a definition of faith rather than a description

Examining a former Christian's use of Hebrews 11:1

Hebrews 11:1 Hebrews 11:1 former Christian atheists faith as hope vs. evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Jesus healed the paralytic to provide evidence for his authority to forgive sins — faith is evidence-based

Biblical example of evidence-based faith

forgiveness of sins paralytic lowered through roof faith grounded in evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

JD Flier defines faith as "belief in an ever-receding pocket of scientific ignorance" — the God-of-the-gaps argument

Examining another atheist definition of faith

Matt Dillahunty evidence for the resurrection God of the gaps
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Upcoming debate with Matt Dillahunty on whether belief in the resurrection is reasonable; science is not the only method of knowing

Announcing the Dillahunty debate and defending historical methodology

Matt Dillahunty resurrection of Jesus inference to the best explanation
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Peter Boghossian's "A Manual for Creating Atheists" teaches that "I believe in God" secretly means "I pretend to know things I don't know"

Critique of Boghossian's framing of religious belief

A Manual for Creating Atheists Peter Boghossian Street Epistemology
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Matt Dillahunty's shifting definitions of faith: "excuse without good reason," "believing things you know aren't true," and "belief with evidence"

Critique of Dillahunty's inconsistency on faith

Matt Dillahunty definition of faith faith as excuse
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Historical parallel: early church marginalized by accusation that Jesus wanted to destroy the temple — same dynamic as "faith is irrational" accusation today

Historical analogy for communication breakdown

early church persecution destroying the temple accusation dialogue between Christians and atheists
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Tim McGrew vs. Boghossian debate and a Facebook poll showing the same Christian/non-Christian split on the definition of faith

Corroborating evidence for poll results from an independent debate

Tim McGrew Peter Boghossian Christian vs. non-Christian definitions of faith
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

The definitional divide on faith is a communication barrier to evangelism — Christians must clarify they have evidence

Practical application of the poll findings

evangelism faith evidence for Christianity
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Shannon's question: if faith is trust with evidence, isn't it knowledge? Mike argues knowledge and faith can coexist

Q&A on the epistemology of faith

faith and knowledge epistemology of faith trust and allegiance
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Romans 1:18-32 describes two divine judgments on those who suppress the evidence for God: sin and a debased mind

Q&A: Monica Poole asks how Street Epistemology relates to Romans 1

Romans 1:18-32 Romans 1:20 atheism Romans 1:18-32 cosmological argument
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Mike's personal conversion testimony: depression before faith, joy and relationship with God after — and subsequent evidential verification

Q&A: Benjamin Acompo (skeptic) asks what evidence a 12-year-old Mike had at conversion beyond feelings

personal testimony experiential evidence for faith conversion experience
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-24

Q&A: Handling unreliable sources and fact-checking in a Wikipedia age — do your diligence, own mistakes, and nuance statements to match the strength of evidence

Final audience question about fact-checking and epistemic responsibility

Romans 7 biblical interpretation apologetics methodology fact-checking
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-01

Introduction: The slogan "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence" as a reason people reject the resurrection

Mike opens by framing the entire talk around evaluating this popular skeptical slogan, which he says is the primary reason many people reject the resurrection of Christ.

Apologetics Resurrection of Jesus Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-01

Origin of the slogan: Carl Sagan coined "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence"

Mike traces the historical origin of the slogan before critiquing it.

Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence Carl Sagan Cosmos (TV show)
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-01

Christopher Hitchens applied the slogan to God and the resurrection in debates with William Lane Craig

After explaining Sagan's origin, Mike describes how the slogan was weaponized in atheist apologetics.

William Lane Craig Resurrection of Jesus Christopher Hitchens
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