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Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-04-09

Calvinism — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 5 research notes on Calvinism, covering God's mercy to all (Romans 11:30-32), the purpose of divine mercy and compassion, Esau's election as about Messianic lineage not individual salvation (Malachi 1:2-3), and Calvin's concept of Evanescent Grace.

1 Kings 11:13 Deuteronomy 4:31 Ezekiel 39:25 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2024-03-27

Head Coverings in the Ancient Mediterranean: Research Clippings

Research clippings from Craig Keener's Dictionary of New Testament Background article on head coverings, with supplementary sources. Documents the cultural background of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, showing that head coverings were tied to marital modesty, class status, and regional customs rather than a universal creation ordinance.

1 Cor 11:14–15 1 Cor 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-14

A 14-Point Biblical Case for Women Leaders and Teachers And Why Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists Are Wrong About This

A 14-point biblical case for women leaders and teachers, responding to Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists

1 Cor 12:21-24 1 Cor 14:26 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2021-04-05

The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus

Gary R. Habermas and Michael R. Licona — Kindle highlights from 'The Case for the Resurrection of Jesus'. 110 highlights.

Colossians 2:9 Phil 3:21 Christology Apologetics Resurrection
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-17

Was Our Faith Purchased on the Cross as a Gift?

John Piper’s article “ For Whom did Jesus Taste Death? ” focuses on Piper’s premise that disallows Jesus from being a ransom sacrifice for all people. There are many parts of Piper’s article that I would like to address, but I will deal with them one at a time in individual posts.

1 Corinthians 15:14 1 Corinthians 15:17 1 John 1:9–10 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 1-2: The Designer Knows Best

[Music] oh [Music] Lord why would you give me gifts that you don't allow me to use in the church just because I'm a woman why does the bible always use the term man am I important to God [Music] too why do you love boys more than girls why am I told that I can't lead in public prayer why are there s...

1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Timothy 2:13 2 Timothy 3:16 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 3: Head Coverings and Authority - 1 Corinthians 11

[Music] 1 Corinthians 11 has been a difficult chapter throughout church history there are some things that are hard to understand about this passage but using an understanding of the Jewish mindset will help us unravel Paul's reasoning let's start at verse three but I want you to understand that Chr...

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-03-24

Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions

Gregory Koukl — Kindle highlights from 'Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions'. 123 highlights.

Luke 20:24 Luke 20:4 Mark 2:9 Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-10

Creation Rule

## What did God intend at creation

Genesis 1:26 Isaiah 49:15 Numbers 11:12 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-26

Our Story

MM Outreach News & Views #98 features our story of adversity through God’s grace. This will help many of you to understand why I am not always fast in answering or posting here on the Women in Ministry blog

Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-07-28

Place Of Master By Law

The Bible records a law that requires men to take the place of sole master in the home. We find this law in the book of Esther chapter 1 verse 22

1 Peter 2:12 1 Peter 3:16 1 Timothy 5:14 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-21

Eve Usurped Adam Authority

In our continuing topic of common objections to women in ministry, we come to the claim that Eve usurped Adam’s authority when she spoke to the serpent. To deal with this claim, we will be looking at both the claim that Eve rebelled against Adam in the garden and the claim that God gave Adam a respo

Acts 5:1-10 Daniel 6:7 Genesis 1:26 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-19

Spiritual Abuse Recovery

Last year I blogged about Dr. Barb Orlowski’s research on spiritual abuse

Nahum 16 Women in Leadership Spiritual Abuse
Scripture Commentary article 2009-12-16

Does The Husband Alone Have Divine Wisdom

In a recent CBMW blog article, John Starke recounts Richard Baxter’s instructions for the Christian family. (Richard Baxter was a 17th century Puritan)

Proverbs 31:10 Proverbs 31:10-12 Proverbs 31:11 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-12-11

Can A Wifes Authority Be Overruled

## Can a wife’s authority be overruled

1 Corinthians 11:3-16 1 Corinthians 7:1-5 1 Corinthians 7:1-7 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2009-12-08

Comp Spiritual Abuse

Can complementarianism ever be considered spiritual abuse. Before we can discuss this, we need to know what spiritual abuse is

Acts 4:23 Hosea 1 Matthew 23:1-2 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-11-10

Comp View Of 1Cor11 Mark

This post is a first. I have never before taken the writing of a complementarian and posted it on my blog

1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:13-16 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-10-27

Woman Need Spritual Covering

## Does a woman need a human spiritual “covering”

1 Corinthians 14:20 1 Peter 4:10 1 Timothy 2:14 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2009-06-24

1 Peter 3 6 Obey

How does 1 Peter 3:5, 6 with the Bible’s use of the word “obey” affect wives and in particular women in ministry

1 Corinthians 8:6 1 Peter 1:1 1 Peter 1:10-12 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership 1 Peter 3
Scripture Commentary article 2009-02-20

Did God Give Up On The Woman

Many people think that God was especially hard on Eve after she was deceived by the serpent in the garden. In fact hierarchists have determined that God was so hard on Eve by punishing her with a multitude of lashes for her sin, that some might get the idea that God punished the one who was deceived

Genesis 3:14 Genesis 3:16 Genesis 3:17 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2009-02-17

Adams Sin Imputed To Eve

One of the most bizarre teachings of CBMW is the one taught in Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood in chapter 3 written by Raymond C. Ortlund Jr

Ecclesiastes 3 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-30

Man Give Woman Self Understanding

Was the first man needed to give woman her self-understanding. According to Raymond C

Genesis 2:18 Genesis 2:22 Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-27

Ortlund Obscuring The Nature Of Male And Female

In our discussion of CBMW’s book Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood , continuing on in chapter 3 in the writings of Raymond C. Ortlund Jr

1 Timothy 2:13 1 Timothy 2:14 Colossians 3 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-24

The Emperor Has No Clothes

In the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood’s book Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood , chapter 3 is written by Raymond C. Ortlund, Jr

2 Corinthians 11:3 Genesis 3:13 Genesis 3:2-3 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-22

Did The Serpent Have More Knowledge Than Man

The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood has published a book called Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood and on page 73, John Piper and Wayne Grudem write that Adam was ordained as the one responsible for the life of the garden. The reference is in response to a quote from 1 Timothy 2:14

1 Timothy 2:14 Hebrews 1 Isaiah 1 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-09

Recovering From Spiritual Abuse

Recently I was contacted by Dr. Barb Orlowski who has compiled her research on spiritual abuse into a manuscript that will form the basis of a yet unpublished book called “Ministering Restoration: Recovering Spiritual Harmony”

Leviticus 16 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership Spiritual Abuse
Scripture Commentary article 2008-11-18

Galatians 328 Is It Only About Salvation

According to complementarians, Galatians 3:28 is not about equality in Christ, but about all of us being in the same “boat” of salvation. The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW) has made quite an effort to try to demolish Galatians 3:28 as a basis of spiritual equality outside of salvat

1 Corinthians 14:34 Exodus 3:28 Galatians 3:11 1 Corinthians 14 Complementarianism Galatians 3:28
Scripture Commentary article 2008-10-02

Recovering From Feminism Recovery

Wade Burleson has written an exceptionally thought-provoking post on the difference between one young woman’s journey through her pain (it appears to be a rejection of herself by a boyfriend) into the pathway of accepting a tradition that gives authoritarian license to males vs one young slave woman

Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2008-09-30

Three Spheres Of Subordination Shrinks To Two

In my last post I pointed to USA Today’s editorial that challenged complementarians who are willing to accept a woman as the Vice President of the country, that they should admit that they are full fledged egalitarians in the realm of society, the workplace and public life

Colossians 11:7-9 Genesis 2:18 Headship & Kephale Trinity Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2007-08-03

Is Short Hair A Sin For A Woman

Continuing on with our verse by verse discussion through the section of 1 Corinthians 11 about women, we come to verse 13:

1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:15 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-29

Where To Next

I should be done the verse-by-verse discussion on 1 Corinthians 11 (the head covering & hair issue verses) this week and I was thinking that I would move on to a discussion of God giving teachers to the body of Christ – are teachers part of the gifts of the Spirit or “offices” that must be filled by

Colossians 11 Isaiah 1 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-28

Interdependence In The Lord

In our verse by verse through 1 Corinthians 11, we now come to verse 11:

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-21

Shaming The Head 3

Continuing our verse by verse through 1 Corinthians 11, we come to verse 6:

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11 Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-12

Shaming The Head 2

Several posts back we talked about how Paul shows in 1 Corinthians 11 that the head covering shamed Christ. This post will discuss why a woman without her head covering shamed her head

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:4 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-04

Paul Refutes A Faulty Tradition

In the last post we discussed that the man is the image and glory of God and Christ is his head. Why does Paul emphasize that the man is the image and glory of God but he says nothing about the woman having God’s glory

1 Corinthians 11:4 1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-01

The Man Is The Image And Glory Of God

Last post we discussed how the head covering shamed Christ. Before we carry on with 1 Corinthians 11:5 in our verse by verse discussion, I want to skip over to verse 7 to discuss the second reason that a man is not to have his head covered and this has to do with honoring his head

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:7 2 Corinthians 3:18 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-06-17

Shaming The Head 1

1 Corinthians 11:4-6 lists three “shames” and verse 7 lists two glories. Two of these shames and glories relate directly back to the “head” and one shame relates to the person themselves

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:4 1 Corinthians 11:4-6 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-26

Verse By Verse Through 1 Corinthians 11

Because I have received several questions posed to me on 1 Corinthians 11, I think it best that we go through the passage verse by verse and that should help deal with each question in context. As we go through each set of verses, please feel free to comment or ask questions on the section that we a

1 Corinthians 10:23 1 Corinthians 10:24 1 Corinthians 10:32 1 Corinthians 11
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