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Scripture Commentary article 2026-03-27

Eph 5:22 and Mutual Submission

The mutual and reciprocal nature of hypotasso in Eph 5:21 makes a hierarchical reading of v22 semantically incoherent. Paul cannot establish one-to-another voluntary submission and then immediately mean one-directional hierarchy without breaking the logic of his own passage.

Eph 5:21 Eph 5:22 Eph 5:23 Ephesians 5 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11

Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation

Scripture Commentary article 2025-03-02

Communion & Lord's Supper — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 19 research notes on communion and the Lord's Supper, focusing on 1 Corinthians 10-11. Covers the body of Christ as the church (not transubstantiation), corporate vs. individual worship, discerning the body as recognizing fellow believers, the love feast/agape meal tradition, and self-examination.

1 Cor 10:16 1 Cor 10:17 1 Cor 11:17-22 Lord's Supper 1 Corinthians 10-11 Corporate Worship

Scripture Commentary article 2025-02-02

1 Timothy 1:3 — The Urgent Need for Timothy in Ephesus: False Teachers

Commentary clippings and research notes on 1 Timothy 1:3, establishing that Paul's primary concern in writing to Timothy was to combat false teaching in Ephesus. Multiple commentaries confirm the false teachers likely held leadership positions, and that Timothy was given Paul's own authority to command them to stop. This false-teaching context is foundational for understanding Paul's instructions in 1 Timothy 2:12.

1 Cor. 4:18 1 Tim 1:2 1 Tim 4:11 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates

Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-09

Women in Places of Power in the Old Testament

Research clippings examining the Proverbs 31 woman as a public figure praised at the city gates — the seat of legal and civic authority. Argues that King Lemuel's mother was a prophet whose oracle comprises the chapter, and that the Proverbs 31 woman exercised judgment and public leadership, not merely domestic roles.

2 Kings 10:8–9 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:15 Genesis & Creation Women in Leadership Egalitarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-08

What Mike Winger Gets Wrong on What Women Can’t Do

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 13 on what women can and can't do according to the Bible

1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Timothy 2:12 Ephesians 5:21-22 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2024-04-09

Calvinism — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 5 research notes on Calvinism, covering God's mercy to all (Romans 11:30-32), the purpose of divine mercy and compassion, Esau's election as about Messianic lineage not individual salvation (Malachi 1:2-3), and Calvin's concept of Evanescent Grace.

1 Kings 11:13 Deuteronomy 4:31 Ezekiel 39:25 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates

Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates

Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2020-06-02

The Giving Part 2: Judas the Betrayer, a Balanced View of the Sovereignty of God

[Music] the giving is a balanced view of the sovereignty of God God's sovereignty is vitally important for us to know God yet it's God's sovereignty taught as a system of theological thought which can lead to a person reading into the biblical text an outside concept that is foreign to the writers i...

Luke 22:18 Luke 22:21 Luke 22:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2019-09-19

Is Free Will “Another” Gospel?

What is the problem? It is common for Calvinists to argue that humanity can’t have free will because free will would necessitate a salvation based on works. Although the Bible does not make this claim, people have been subject to unfair accusations of heresy by overly zealous Calvinists.

2 Corinthians 3:7–9 2 Timothy 2:13 Galatians 1:8–9 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2018-04-20

Was God’s Wrath Satisfied in Christ or Paid in Hell?

Was God’s wrath satisfied in Christ? If so then how can sinners suffer God’s wrath in hell? This question is one that is often asked by Calvinists to those who do not hold to the teaching of Calvinism.

1 Corinthians 2:14 Colossians 1:21 Colossians 3:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-28

What did the death of Jesus do for the world?

The death of Jesus for the world is a delicate question for Calvinists according to John Piper. Piper answers a question from one of his listeners in a post called “ In What Sense Did Jesus Die for the Non-Elect? ” In the audio transcript of an interview Piper says:

2 Timothy 2:13 John 10:16 John 10:17–18 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-22

Was the death of Jesus evil? Calvinism and ordained evil

This question is often asked of those of us who do not believe that God initiates evil. If God predestined the death of Jesus, does this mean that God commanded or ordained the evil acts of men? A Calvinist website describes God’s ordaining of evil this way:

2 Corinthians 5:21 Acts 4:27-28 Acts 5:27–30 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement

Scripture Commentary article 2018-01-04

How does God harden a man’s heart?

How does God harden a man’s heart? We know that God can and does harden hearts because the Bible tells us this, but how and why does God choose to do this? And if all people are created with pre-hardened hearts as some suggest, then why is it necessary for God to harden a man’s heart? Let’s consider...

2 Chronicles 18:18–22 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 2 Timothy 3:9 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty

Scripture Commentary article 2017-12-08

What comes before the Giving? James White and John 6:37

What comes before the giving in John 6:37? Nothing according to Dr. James White on his October 23, 2017 podcast of the Dividing Line Program (segment starts at 1 hr 2 min 30 second mark).

1 Peter 3:15 Acts 10:1 Acts 16:14 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 1-2: The Designer Knows Best

[Music] oh [Music] Lord why would you give me gifts that you don't allow me to use in the church just because I'm a woman why does the bible always use the term man am I important to God [Music] too why do you love boys more than girls why am I told that I can't lead in public prayer why are there s...

1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Timothy 2:13 2 Timothy 3:16 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2015-09-04

Purposeless evil?

Calvinists often talk about “purposeless evil.” In fact, Dr. James White, a Calvinist apologist from Alpha and Omega Ministries , has stated that if God did not ordain all things including the evil actions of men, then evil has no purpose. Dr.

Acts 2:22-23 Acts 2:23 Acts 4:27–28 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty

Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority

Jonathan Morrow — Kindle highlights from 'Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority'. 39 highlights.

2 Corinthians 5:7 2 Peter 1:20–21 2 Timothy 3:14–15 Biblical Authority Apologetics

Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-27

The context surrounding John 6

In explaining the meaning of John 6, we need to pay close attention to the context surrounding John 6 as well as the relevant context from the entire book of John. Here are some verses that are HIGHLY relevant and some questions for you to ponder.

John 10:1 John 10:14 John 10:16 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-08

Did Judas receive communion?

My post on Judas Was Judas Predestined to be Lost? has been challenged. This post is an answer to that challenge.

Jn. 13:1-30 John 13:26 Luke 1:3 Soteriology Calvinism Judas

Scripture Commentary article 2015-03-24

Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions

Gregory Koukl — Kindle highlights from 'Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions'. 123 highlights.

Luke 20:24 Luke 20:4 Mark 2:9 Apologetics

Scripture Commentary article 2014-08-04

Why are people not coming to Jesus?

Dr. James White has stated on his Dividing Line program that he wants to see how I line up the John 6 passage to show why people are not coming to Jesus. This post will summarize my view from my previous verse by verse exposition and tie in reasons for unbelief from the book of John.

1 John 4:6 1 John 5:1 2 Thess 2:10 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2014-07-22

No one can come to Jesus unless the Father draws him John 6:43-45

Jesus spoke incredibly powerful words in John chapter 6 that many people are afraid to dig into because of their concern that John 6 might contradict their theology. In fact, Calvinists are quick to challenge non-Calvinists to explain what these verses mean outside of the Calvinist interpretation.

Acts 16:14 Hosea 11:4 Isaiah 19:21 Soteriology Calvinism John 6

Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-05

Does Matthew conflict with Luke about Judas?

In my post about Judas and the last supper, Colin Maxwell, a Calvinist responded to my post, although not responding on this blog, but on his twitter account @weeCalvin.

Luke 1:1–3 Luke 22:18 Luke 22:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Judas

Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-22

Was Judas predestined to be lost?

Is Judas a problem for your theology? He can be a problem if some of your beliefs come from tradition and not from the Scriptures. In this article, I would like to discuss the full Scriptural view of Judas and ask you to test your own understanding against what the Scripture reveals.

2 Timothy 2:13 John 13:1 John 13:10–11 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-16

Was John the Baptist predestined to be saved?

In the teaching of Calvinism, there is an election to salvation for some men while the rest of mankind are created without a hope of eternal life. In this understanding God has pre-determined from eternity past that all but the elect would remain in their sin and be lost forever.

Isaiah 40:3 John 1:15 John 1:29 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election

Scripture Commentary article 2012-07-29

Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ

Robert Bowman, J. Ed Komoszewski, and Darrell L. Bock — Kindle highlights from 'Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ'. 100 highlights.

1 Cor. 15:24 1 Kings 8:27 1 Thess. 1:3 Trinity Christology Apologetics

Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-24

Stubble Straw And Scarecrows Diane Sellner

In 2006 my DVD Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free came out and since that time I have seen my share of scarecrows who are intent on destroying the message of women in ministry. One such scarecrow refuses to go away and it is time to create a blog post where others who have been hurt by the issue

1 Peter 4:11 Hebrews 4 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-07

Masculine Christianity

This is part 2 of What God intended at creation and it is inspired by a recent lecture given by John Piper where he states that God’s intention for Christianity is for it to have a “ masculine feel “. After discussing John Piper’s Masculine Christianity, I will give my critique of his masculine argu

1 Corinthians 2:1 1 Timothy 2:12 2 Kings 22:3 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation

Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-08

Eph 5 Infected

In my last post, I presented one of the best sermons that I have ever heard on Ephesians 5, regarding the evidence of Spirit-filled lives for both men and women. This post is on the opposite of the Spirit-filled life which is an influx of worldly infection through male-centered pride

Luke 22:25 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-27

Ephesians 5 Christian Liberty

This post is the essence of the sermon Spirit-Filled Living part 1 by Pastor Darrell Johnson of First Baptist Church, Vancouver, BC, Canada. If you would like to listen to the entire sermon, you can listen to the sermon here

Ecclesiastes 5 Ephesians 5:18 Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 5 Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-26

Our Story

MM Outreach News & Views #98 features our story of adversity through God’s grace. This will help many of you to understand why I am not always fast in answering or posting here on the Women in Ministry blog

Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-10-29

Phil Johnson Monstrous Divas

Phil Johnson over at Pyromaniacs has struck up some heat on a post that he titles “The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of the Discernment Divas”. In this post and in his subsequent comments he makes his position plain that women are not allowed to publicly point out an erro

1 Corinthians 12:11 1 Corinthians 12:6 1 Corinthians 14:1 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2011-09-22

Eve Prototype

This post is the second part of an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. The first points 1 – 4 are discussed here

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-25

Specific Or General Woman

This post will be an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. I will also consider the challenge to my view from the new verbal aspect theory

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:10 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-14

Repost Authority Vs Submission A Biblical View Of Ephesians 522

My original 2010 post crashed because there were too many comments for my blog to handle, so I am putting up this post again so that people can read the article which is no longer available because of the crash. Thanks to one of my readers who asked me to repost

Amos 21 Colossians 11 Colossians 3:18 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale

Scripture Commentary article 2010-08-10

1 Timothy 215 Going Deeper

1 Timothy 2:15 has been one of the most puzzling verses to decipher throughout church history. One of the difficult things in interpreting this verse is the translator’s rendering of some difficult grammar

1 Timothy 1:5 1 Timothy 1:5-6 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-07-24

Cbmw Brought To Task For Misuse Of Scripture By Demand For Apology

Newsflash July 24, 2010

Ecclesiastes 2 Proverbs 2 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism

Scripture Commentary article 2010-06-21

The Humble God

In our past discussions on Ephesians 5:21-22, we have been discussing the issues of mutual submission and whether there is authority in marriage. In this post, we will discuss the foundation of humility

1 Peter 3:7 1 Peter 3:8 1 Peter 5:5 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-06-02

Submission And Origin Of Authority

When is authority given and when can it be rightfully assumed. These are questions that have divided egalitarians and complementarians in the area of marriage

Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 6:7 Ephesians 6:9 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership

Scripture Commentary article 2010-05-23

Authority Vs Submission Biblical View

Yesterday I received two polar opposite views of Ephesians 5:22 by email. One was from “NN” who has responded here in the past