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Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2025-03-02

Communion & Lord's Supper — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 19 research notes on communion and the Lord's Supper, focusing on 1 Corinthians 10-11. Covers the body of Christ as the church (not transubstantiation), corporate vs. individual worship, discerning the body as recognizing fellow believers, the love feast/agape meal tradition, and self-examination.

1 Cor 10:16 1 Cor 10:17 1 Cor 11:17-22 Lord's Supper 1 Corinthians 10-11 Corporate Worship
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2019-09-19

Is Free Will “Another” Gospel?

What is the problem? It is common for Calvinists to argue that humanity can’t have free will because free will would necessitate a salvation based on works. Although the Bible does not make this claim, people have been subject to unfair accusations of heresy by overly zealous Calvinists.

2 Corinthians 3:7–9 2 Timothy 2:13 Galatians 1:8–9 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-22

Was the death of Jesus evil? Calvinism and ordained evil

This question is often asked of those of us who do not believe that God initiates evil. If God predestined the death of Jesus, does this mean that God commanded or ordained the evil acts of men? A Calvinist website describes God’s ordaining of evil this way:

2 Corinthians 5:21 Acts 4:27-28 Acts 5:27–30 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority

Jonathan Morrow — Kindle highlights from 'Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority'. 39 highlights.

2 Corinthians 5:7 2 Peter 1:20–21 2 Timothy 3:14–15 Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2015-03-31

For whom did Jesus die? 13 Biblical witnesses on Christ’s death

For whom did Jesus die? here are two questions of great importance for both Calvinists and non-Calvinists alike. After the two questions and answers, I would like to give a challenge to Calvinists.

1 Thessalonians 5:10 1 Timothy 1:13-16 1 Timothy 1:15 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2010-06-21

The Humble God

In our past discussions on Ephesians 5:21-22, we have been discussing the issues of mutual submission and whether there is authority in marriage. In this post, we will discuss the foundation of humility

1 Peter 3:7 1 Peter 3:8 1 Peter 5:5 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-01

Women More Easily Deceived

Another reason some complementarians claim for denying women opportunities to minister in the church is that it is said that women are more easily deceived than men so men alone are permitted to minister in the church. A good example of this kind of rationale is found here with this excerpt:

1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2:15 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2009-08-05

Mike Seaver And Cheryl Schatz Discussdebate Women In Ministry 4

## Are Witnesses and Repetition needed to Prove Women may not teach the Bible

1 Corinthians 11:27 1 Corinthians 12:21 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2009-05-03

7 Paul Adam Accountability

This is the seventh in a series of simulated interviews with the Apostle Paul taken from the position of what he might say if we could transport Paul from the New Testament account through a time tunnel into our present day

1 Timothy 1:12 1 Timothy 1:13 2 Corinthians 11:3 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-03-25

Round 4 Interview With The Apostle Paul

This post is the fourth one of a simulated interview with the Apostle Paul taken from the position of what he might say if we could transport Paul from the New Testament account through a time tunnel into our present day

1 Thessalonians 4:16 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:11-15 1 Timothy 2 Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-01-24

The Emperor Has No Clothes

In the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood’s book Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood , chapter 3 is written by Raymond C. Ortlund, Jr

2 Corinthians 11:3 Genesis 3:13 Genesis 3:2-3 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2008-08-21

Women Ministry Sins

*This original post created on August 21, 2008 has been changed/updated on September 11, 2008. I have given the individual listed below time to show integrity by stopping the stalking and the vitriol, but this individual is not repentant nor will she remove the offenses on line

2 Corinthians 12:10 Spiritual Abuse
Scripture Commentary article 2008-06-19

Was The Man Given Authority To Rule The Woman

This is the fifth and final response to Matt Slick’s article called Genesis 2, Adam and Eve, and Authority

1 Timothy 2:11-15 2 Corinthians 11:3 Genesis 2:16 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2008-05-17

Woman Representative

This post is an answer to Matt Slicks article called “1 Timothy 2:9-15 “a woman” is representative of all women as “a man”represents all men”

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2
Scripture Commentary article 2008-05-14

Scriptural Fences

One of the helpful things in interpreting scripture is to identify what I call “scriptural fences”. These special verses force us to interpret the passage within the limits set up by the “fence” line

1 Corinthians 14:34 1 Corinthians 14:36 1 Corinthians 7:1 1 Corinthians 11 Trinity Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2007-10-13

Gift Vs Office And Women In Ministry

Continuing in our series on the gifts and their use by men and women in the body of Christ, we come to an unusual passage where the gift seems not to be a thing but a person

2 Corinthians 11:13 2 Corinthians 12:11 2 Corinthians 12:12 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2007-08-03

Is Short Hair A Sin For A Woman

Continuing on with our verse by verse discussion through the section of 1 Corinthians 11 about women, we come to verse 13:

1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:15 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-21

Shaming The Head 3

Continuing our verse by verse through 1 Corinthians 11, we come to verse 6:

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11 Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-12

Shaming The Head 2

Several posts back we talked about how Paul shows in 1 Corinthians 11 that the head covering shamed Christ. This post will discuss why a woman without her head covering shamed her head

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:4 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-01

The Man Is The Image And Glory Of God

Last post we discussed how the head covering shamed Christ. Before we carry on with 1 Corinthians 11:5 in our verse by verse discussion, I want to skip over to verse 7 to discuss the second reason that a man is not to have his head covered and this has to do with honoring his head

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:7 2 Corinthians 3:18 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-06-17

Shaming The Head 1

1 Corinthians 11:4-6 lists three “shames” and verse 7 lists two glories. Two of these shames and glories relate directly back to the “head” and one shame relates to the person themselves

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:4 1 Corinthians 11:4-6 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-23

#More 110

One question that was posed to me last week was on 1 Corinthians 11:9 regarding the creation of woman for the man. Does this mean that the woman is somehow inferior to the man because she was created for him

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-23

Why Was The Woman Created For The Man

One question that was posed to me last week was on 1 Corinthians 11:9 regarding the creation of woman for the man. Does this mean that the woman is somehow inferior to the man because she was created for him

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 2:11-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Timothy 2:11-15 specific woman,deception,authenteo,grammar,perfect tense,future tense,anaphoric,egalitarian,ephesus,teknogonia,singular plural,historical perfect,verbal aspect,paul as pattern
Theology verse entry

Revelation 21:14

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Revelation 21:14 apostolate,twelve,foundation,Paul,Matthias,scriptural fence
Theology verse entry

Genesis 1:26-28

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Genesis 1:26-28 creation,dominion,co-equal,image of God,male and female,egalitarian,gender roles,imago dei,equality
Theology verse entry

Philippians 2:3-8

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Philippians 2:3-8 kenosis,humility,self-emptying,Christ example,tapeinophrosyne,egalitarian,servanthood
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 11:10-16

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 11:10-16 exousia,woman authority,angels,interdependence,mutual dependence,egalitarian,hair,covering,creation order,corrective,in the Lord
Theology verse entry

Romans 16:1-7

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 16:1-7 Phoebe,Junia,deacon,apostle,prostatis,patron,women leaders,egalitarian,episemos,women apostles
Theology verse entry

Genesis 3:14-19

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Genesis 3:14-19 fall,curse,consequences,serpent,Eve,Adam,pain,thorns,death,not prescriptive,protoevangelium,seed of the woman,Messiah,teknogonia,desire,rule,teshuqah,mashal,egalitarian,complementarian,patriarchy
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 2:1-7

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Timothy 2:1-7 prayer,intercession,one mediator,ransom,antilytron,false teaching,Ephesus,universalism of scope,paraggelia,herald,apostle,teacher,egalitarian,soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,mediation
Theology verse entry

Genesis 3:1-7

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Genesis 3:1-7 temptation,fall,serpent,deception,sin,silence of adam
Theology verse entry

1 John 2:2

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 John 2:2 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,propitiation,Calvinism,scope of atonement,hilasmos
Theology verse entry

2 Corinthians 5:14-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,scope of atonement,substitutionary death
Theology verse entry

Hebrews 2:9

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Hebrews 2:9 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,suffering,scope of atonement,tasting death
Theology verse entry

Acts 1:16-26

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Acts 1:16-26 Judas,betrayal,foreknowledge,sovereignty,prophecy fulfillment,predestination,free will,apostolate,Matthias,Paul,twelve,lot,human initiative
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 2:8-9

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 2:8-9 soteriology,grace,faith,salvation,Calvinism,gift of God,purchased faith,works
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 1:26-31

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

1 Corinthians 1:26-31 soteriology,predestination,election,free will,Calvinism,provisionism,boasting,faith vs works
Theology verse entry

Romans 8:28-30

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 8:28-30 golden chain,foreknowledge,predestination,calling,justification,glorification,soteriology,Calvinist proof text
Theology verse entry

Romans 11:25-36

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Romans 11:25-36 Israel,olive tree,hardening,mercy to all,election,doxology,soteriology
Theology verse entry

Titus 2:11

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Titus 2:11 grace,salvation,universal atonement,unlimited atonement,soteriology
Theology verse entry

Acts 17:30

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Acts 17:30 repentance,universal call,Mars Hill,soteriology
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