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Scripture Commentary article 2026-03-27

Eph 5:22 and Mutual Submission

The mutual and reciprocal nature of hypotasso in Eph 5:21 makes a hierarchical reading of v22 semantically incoherent. Paul cannot establish one-to-another voluntary submission and then immediately mean one-directional hierarchy without breaking the logic of his own passage.

Eph 5:21 Eph 5:22 Eph 5:23 Ephesians 5 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2025-02-02

1 Timothy 1:3 — The Urgent Need for Timothy in Ephesus: False Teachers

Commentary clippings and research notes on 1 Timothy 1:3, establishing that Paul's primary concern in writing to Timothy was to combat false teaching in Ephesus. Multiple commentaries confirm the false teachers likely held leadership positions, and that Timothy was given Paul's own authority to command them to stop. This false-teaching context is foundational for understanding Paul's instructions in 1 Timothy 2:12.

1 Cor. 4:18 1 Tim 1:2 1 Tim 4:11 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-09

Women in Places of Power in the Old Testament

Research clippings examining the Proverbs 31 woman as a public figure praised at the city gates — the seat of legal and civic authority. Argues that King Lemuel's mother was a prophet whose oracle comprises the chapter, and that the Proverbs 31 woman exercised judgment and public leadership, not merely domestic roles.

2 Kings 10:8–9 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:15 Genesis & Creation Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-08

What Mike Winger Gets Wrong on What Women Can’t Do

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 13 on what women can and can't do according to the Bible

1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Timothy 2:12 Ephesians 5:21-22 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-03-27

Head Coverings in the Ancient Mediterranean: Research Clippings

Research clippings from Craig Keener's Dictionary of New Testament Background article on head coverings, with supplementary sources. Documents the cultural background of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, showing that head coverings were tied to marital modesty, class status, and regional customs rather than a universal creation ordinance.

1 Cor 11:14–15 1 Cor 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-12-13

A First Response to Mike Winger’s 11½ Hrs Video on 1 Timothy 2

A first response to Mike Winger's 11.5-hour Women in Ministry Part 12 video on 1 Timothy 2

1 Peter 5:2 1 Tim 2:11-15 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-14

A 14-Point Biblical Case for Women Leaders and Teachers And Why Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists Are Wrong About This

A 14-point biblical case for women leaders and teachers, responding to Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists

1 Cor 12:21-24 1 Cor 14:26 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-17

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Male Headship: Is It Really Biblical?

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 8 on male headship and whether it is really biblical

1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 3:16-17 1 Corinthians 6:18-20 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART B)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part B)

1 Chronicles 29:6 1 Corinthians 12:21 1 Corinthians 15:32 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2020-06-02

The Giving Part 2: Judas the Betrayer, a Balanced View of the Sovereignty of God

[Music] the giving is a balanced view of the sovereignty of God God's sovereignty is vitally important for us to know God yet it's God's sovereignty taught as a system of theological thought which can lead to a person reading into the biblical text an outside concept that is foreign to the writers i...

Luke 22:18 Luke 22:21 Luke 22:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-04-20

Was God’s Wrath Satisfied in Christ or Paid in Hell?

Was God’s wrath satisfied in Christ? If so then how can sinners suffer God’s wrath in hell? This question is one that is often asked by Calvinists to those who do not hold to the teaching of Calvinism.

1 Corinthians 2:14 Colossians 1:21 Colossians 3:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-28

What did the death of Jesus do for the world?

The death of Jesus for the world is a delicate question for Calvinists according to John Piper. Piper answers a question from one of his listeners in a post called “ In What Sense Did Jesus Die for the Non-Elect? ” In the audio transcript of an interview Piper says:

2 Timothy 2:13 John 10:16 John 10:17–18 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-17

Was Our Faith Purchased on the Cross as a Gift?

John Piper’s article “ For Whom did Jesus Taste Death? ” focuses on Piper’s premise that disallows Jesus from being a ransom sacrifice for all people. There are many parts of Piper’s article that I would like to address, but I will deal with them one at a time in individual posts.

1 Corinthians 15:14 1 Corinthians 15:17 1 John 1:9–10 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-01-04

How does God harden a man’s heart?

How does God harden a man’s heart? We know that God can and does harden hearts because the Bible tells us this, but how and why does God choose to do this? And if all people are created with pre-hardened hearts as some suggest, then why is it necessary for God to harden a man’s heart? Let’s consider...

2 Chronicles 18:18–22 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 2 Timothy 3:9 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty
Scripture Commentary article 2017-12-08

What comes before the Giving? James White and John 6:37

What comes before the giving in John 6:37? Nothing according to Dr. James White on his October 23, 2017 podcast of the Dividing Line Program (segment starts at 1 hr 2 min 30 second mark).

1 Peter 3:15 Acts 10:1 Acts 16:14 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 1-2: The Designer Knows Best

[Music] oh [Music] Lord why would you give me gifts that you don't allow me to use in the church just because I'm a woman why does the bible always use the term man am I important to God [Music] too why do you love boys more than girls why am I told that I can't lead in public prayer why are there s...

1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Timothy 2:13 2 Timothy 3:16 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 3: Head Coverings and Authority - 1 Corinthians 11

[Music] 1 Corinthians 11 has been a difficult chapter throughout church history there are some things that are hard to understand about this passage but using an understanding of the Jewish mindset will help us unravel Paul's reasoning let's start at verse three but I want you to understand that Chr...

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-10

Did Jesus guard the communion table?

In our discussion of Jesus, Judas, and the first communion, a Calvinist pointed me to an article by a Calvinist author. The article was said to refute the idea that Judas was commanded to partake of the first Lord’s Supper.

1 Corinthians 11:18 1 Corinthians 11:20 1 Corinthians 11:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Communion
Scripture Commentary article 2015-03-24

Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions

Gregory Koukl — Kindle highlights from 'Tactics: A Game Plan for Discussing Your Christian Convictions'. 123 highlights.

Luke 20:24 Luke 20:4 Mark 2:9 Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2014-08-10

For this reason – John 6:64-65

For this reason – John 6:64-65. I am jumping ahead in my verse by verse exegesis to John 6:64-65 because these are the verses that give the answer to Jesus’ words in John 6:37, 44-45. I will start with verse 65 first.

John 1:7 John 6:37 John 6:64-65 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2014-07-22

No one can come to Jesus unless the Father draws him John 6:43-45

Jesus spoke incredibly powerful words in John chapter 6 that many people are afraid to dig into because of their concern that John 6 might contradict their theology. In fact, Calvinists are quick to challenge non-Calvinists to explain what these verses mean outside of the Calvinist interpretation.

Acts 16:14 Hosea 11:4 Isaiah 19:21 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-05

Does Matthew conflict with Luke about Judas?

In my post about Judas and the last supper, Colin Maxwell, a Calvinist responded to my post, although not responding on this blog, but on his twitter account @weeCalvin.

Luke 1:1–3 Luke 22:18 Luke 22:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Judas
Scripture Commentary article 2013-01-03

All who are drawn come to Jesus? John 6:44

In my last post , I showed that Scripture must not be taken out of context by making the word “draw” mean “drag” in John 6:44.

Isaiah 54:13 Isaiah 55:1–3 John 3:16 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-16

Was John the Baptist predestined to be saved?

In the teaching of Calvinism, there is an election to salvation for some men while the rest of mankind are created without a hope of eternal life. In this understanding God has pre-determined from eternity past that all but the elect would remain in their sin and be lost forever.

Isaiah 40:3 John 1:15 John 1:29 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2012-07-29

Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ

Robert Bowman, J. Ed Komoszewski, and Darrell L. Bock — Kindle highlights from 'Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ'. 100 highlights.

1 Cor. 15:24 1 Kings 8:27 1 Thess. 1:3 Trinity Christology Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-24

Stubble Straw And Scarecrows Diane Sellner

In 2006 my DVD Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free came out and since that time I have seen my share of scarecrows who are intent on destroying the message of women in ministry. One such scarecrow refuses to go away and it is time to create a blog post where others who have been hurt by the issue

1 Peter 4:11 Hebrews 4 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-07

Masculine Christianity

This is part 2 of What God intended at creation and it is inspired by a recent lecture given by John Piper where he states that God’s intention for Christianity is for it to have a “ masculine feel “. After discussing John Piper’s Masculine Christianity, I will give my critique of his masculine argu

1 Corinthians 2:1 1 Timothy 2:12 2 Kings 22:3 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-10

Creation Rule

## What did God intend at creation

Genesis 1:26 Isaiah 49:15 Numbers 11:12 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-08

Eph 5 Infected

In my last post, I presented one of the best sermons that I have ever heard on Ephesians 5, regarding the evidence of Spirit-filled lives for both men and women. This post is on the opposite of the Spirit-filled life which is an influx of worldly infection through male-centered pride

Luke 22:25 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-09-22

Eve Prototype

This post is the second part of an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. The first points 1 – 4 are discussed here

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-14

Repost Authority Vs Submission A Biblical View Of Ephesians 522

My original 2010 post crashed because there were too many comments for my blog to handle, so I am putting up this post again so that people can read the article which is no longer available because of the crash. Thanks to one of my readers who asked me to repost

Amos 21 Colossians 11 Colossians 3:18 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2011-04-21

I Dont Need You

The body of Christ is a body ministry where each of us are needed and each gift that God has distributed among us is needed. So why is it that many men say that they do not need for a woman teacher when this personal rejection of their own need is contradicted by 1 Corinthians 12:21

1 Corinthians 12:21 Ecclesiastes 1 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-07-24

Cbmw Brought To Task For Misuse Of Scripture By Demand For Apology

Newsflash July 24, 2010

Ecclesiastes 2 Proverbs 2 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-05-23

Authority Vs Submission Biblical View

Yesterday I received two polar opposite views of Ephesians 5:22 by email. One was from “NN” who has responded here in the past

Amos 21 Colossians 11 Colossians 3:18 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-29

Why Let Women Lead Bible Studies

CBMW (Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood) has set itself up as a go-to organization for those complementarians who have not been able to figure out from the Bible which things are allowable for women and which things are not. But does their counsel exceed the Bible

Hebrews 14 1 Corinthians 14 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-21

Eve Usurped Adam Authority

In our continuing topic of common objections to women in ministry, we come to the claim that Eve usurped Adam’s authority when she spoke to the serpent. To deal with this claim, we will be looking at both the claim that Eve rebelled against Adam in the garden and the claim that God gave Adam a respo

Acts 5:1-10 Daniel 6:7 Genesis 1:26 Genesis & Creation Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-07

Why Was Eve Punished

In our discussions on Genesis, there has been one puzzling question. If Adam alone sinned willfully and the woman fell into sin through deception, then why did God punish Eve so severely for her sin

Colossians 2:15 Genesis 3:14 Genesis 3:15 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-02-09

Womens Speaking Dishonors Men

Another common objection to women in ministry is the claim that when women speak and lead publicly it dishonors men

Ephesians 4:11 Ephesians 4:12 Nahum 4:11 Adam & Eve Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
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