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All (550) Scripture Commentary (78) Theology (71) Mike Winger (397) Pulpit (4)
Mike Winger idea 2019-02-20

Simon of Cyrene named with his sons Alexander and Rufus as eyewitness sourcing (Mark 15:21)

Another case study in named eyewitness sourcing from the passion narrative.

Mark 15:21 Matthew 27:32 Luke 23:26 eyewitness guarantors named individuals in Gospels passion narrative
Mike Winger idea 2019-02-27

Roman crucifixion burial practice rebutted by Josephus and archaeological evidence

Addressing main historical objection to empty tomb

Josephus Roman burial practices
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-14

Refutation of Paulogia's claim that Romans denied honorable burial to crucifixion victims: Josephus explicitly says Romans made an exception for Jews

Mike provides a specific example of responding to a resurrection objection

Josephus empty tomb swoon theory
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Argument that Roman cultural attitudes toward Christians in 50-year span (first to early second century) remained consistent, so early second-century sources reflect first-century reality

Responding to the objection that 109/112 AD sources are too late to apply to the apostolic period

historical methodology early Christian persecution Roman imperial religion
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Prison epistles and other NT letters as evidence that suffering was a church-wide reality needing sustained pastoral address

The pervasive theme of persecution across the entire NT corpus

1 Peter Romans 8 Revelation 2-3 1 Peter Romans 8 Revelation 2-3
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-03

Ignatius of Antioch — two letters (Smyrnaeans and Romans) as early second-century evidence for Peter's martyrdom and bodily resurrection conviction

Additional patristic source for Peter's martyrdom and the bodily nature of the resurrection

apostolic martyrdom Peter the Apostle Ignatius of Antioch
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

How Old Testament believers were saved by faith before Christ — Romans 4 and Genesis 15:6

Q&A: JoseCJ asks how OT believers were saved before Christ's work on the cross

Romans 4 Genesis 15:6 justification by faith Abraham salvation by faith
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Abraham and David in Romans 4 as Old Testament examples of justification apart from works

Exegesis of Romans 4 on OT salvation

Romans 4 Genesis 15:6 David Abraham Romans 4
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Romans 1:18-32 describes two divine judgments on those who suppress the evidence for God: sin and a debased mind

Q&A: Monica Poole asks how Street Epistemology relates to Romans 1

Romans 1:18-32 Romans 1:20 atheism Romans 1:18-32 cosmological argument
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-24

Q&A: Rooting youth in the person and work of Christ — requires both good theology (who Jesus is) and practical application (how to live it out)

Audience question about how churches can help youth be rooted in Christ

Romans Paul youth ministry Romans
Mike Winger idea 2019-04-24

Q&A: Handling unreliable sources and fact-checking in a Wikipedia age — do your diligence, own mistakes, and nuance statements to match the strength of evidence

Final audience question about fact-checking and epistemic responsibility

Romans 7 biblical interpretation apologetics methodology fact-checking
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-01

Intellectual clarity requires spiritual health — Romans 1 on the connection between spiritual state and clear thinking

Mike adds a theological qualifier to the apologetics discussion.

Romans 1 Romans 1 Hardened heart Apologetics and spiritual condition
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-08

The Sabbath is Saturday; Gentile Christians are free to observe or not observe it; the Sabbath did not move to Sunday; early church gathered on both days for different reasons

Response to question about whether the Sabbath is Saturday or Sunday and whether it matters for Gentiles

Colossians Romans 14 Colossians Romans 14 Christian freedom
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-08

The word 'law' in 1 John 3:4 does not specifically mean the Mosaic law but any law or command God has revealed; Gentiles had moral law before Moses

Response to question about whether Christians must keep the Mosaic Sabbath since sin is the transgression of the law

Romans 2 1 John 3:4 Hebrew Roots movement Romans 2 sin
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-08

Multi-step biblical strategy for overcoming lust: believe 1 Cor 10:13, make no provision for the flesh, remove high-value stumbling blocks, and fight temptation at its earliest stage not its peak

Response to question about being enslaved to the sin of lust

Romans 14 Romans 6 1 Corinthians 10:13 Romans 14 temptation sanctification
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

Romans 2:12 establishes that some people were never under the Law of Moses; Gentiles are accountable through conscience

Biblical evidence for different accountability standards for Jews and Gentiles

Romans 2:12 Gentiles and the Law Romans 2:12 conscience and natural law
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

Romans 1:16 — "To the Jew first and also to the Greek" reflects a sequential gospel mission, not simultaneous Law-imposition

Connecting the Jewish-first mission to the broader outreach pattern

Romans 1:16 Gentile mission Romans 1:16 to the Jew first
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

Q&A: Are Jewish believers required to keep the Mosaic Law? No, but cultural/traditional practice may be permitted if not causing division

Nuanced pastoral answer about Jewish Christians and the Law

Romans 14 Romans 14 Christian liberty conscience
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

Q&A: Romans 2:12 undermines the claim that everyone has always been under the Mosaic Law — Winger does not know how Hebrew Roots explains it

Engagement with a counter-question about Hebrew Roots consistency

Romans 2:12 Hebrew Roots movement Gentiles and the Law Romans 2:12
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Series introduction: pivotal issue of whether Christians should obey the Law of Moses

Opening of Hebrew Roots part 4 livestream

Romans 6:14 Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses Torah Observance
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' interpretation of Romans 6:14 is the specific target of the episode

Naming the opposing interpreter

Romans 6:14 119 Ministries under the law Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' first interpretive move: raising the question of which law Paul means in Romans 6:14

Presenting 119 Ministries' argument before critique

Romans 6:14 119 Ministries law of Christ under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Winger's critique: 119 Ministries compares "the law of X" phrases to the unqualified phrase "the law"

First critique of 119 Ministries' method

Romans 6:14 hermeneutics exegesis Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' second move: false dichotomy between "under sin" and "under Law of Moses"

Presenting the second interpretive move of 119 Ministries

Romans 6:14 false dichotomy 119 Ministries under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries subtly changes the wording of Romans 6:14 from "dominion" to "under sin"

Third interpretive move: textual alteration

Romans 6:14 dominion exegesis 119 Ministries
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 3:20 establishes a connection between the law and the knowledge of sin

Scriptural support for the law-sin connection

Romans 3:20 knowledge of sin Law of Moses law and sin connection
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 7:8 — sin uses the commandment as an opportunity; apart from the law sin is dead

Scriptural support for law-sin connection

Romans 7:8 law and sin connection Romans 7:8 power of sin
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

1 Corinthians 15:56 — the power of sin is the law

Scriptural support for law-sin connection

1 Corinthians 15:56 law and sin connection power of sin 1 Corinthians 15:56
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Greek word analysis: kyrieuō (dominion) vs. hypo (under) in Romans 6:14

Greek word-level critique of 119 Ministries' interpretation

Romans 6:14 dominion Greek exegesis Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' conclusion: Romans 6:14 refers to the "law of sin and death," not the Law of Moses

Presenting 119 Ministries' final interpretive conclusion

Romans 6:14 Law of Moses 119 Ministries under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The unqualified "the law" appears 35+ times in Romans before 6:14 and always refers to the Law of Moses

Argument from Pauline usage in Romans

Romans Romans exegesis Law of Moses
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries claims Romans 6:14 introduces the "law of sin and death" — but Paul actually introduces it in Romans 7

Critique of 119's ad hoc exegesis

Romans 7 Romans 6:14 119 Ministries Romans 7 Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

119 Ministries' circular argument: freedom from law of sin requires obeying the Law of Moses via 1 John 4:3

Critique of 119's overall logical structure

1 John 4:3 circular reasoning Law of Moses 119 Ministries
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 6:15 refutes 119's interpretation of Romans 6:14 by context

Contextual argument using the immediately following verse

Romans 6:14 Romans 6:15 Law of Moses under the law Romans 6:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Walking in the Spirit is the new mode of life replacing life under the Law of Moses

Positive alternative to law-keeping as the standard for Christian living

Romans Galatians Romans sanctification Galatians
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 2:12 — "under the law" refers to Jews who have the Law of Moses

Surveying Pauline uses of "under the law" — first instance

Romans 2:12 Law of Moses Romans 2:12 under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 3:19 — the law speaks to those under it; clearly Jewish people

Surveying Pauline uses — second instance

Romans 3:19 accountability Law of Moses under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Main conclusion: the phrase "under the law" refutes Torah observance as a Christian obligation

Winger's summary conclusion for the episode

Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses Old Testament application
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 7:6 — released from the law to serve in the new way of the Spirit

Final key verse summarizing the new covenant mode of life

Romans 7:6 new covenant Law of Moses Romans 7:6
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

What is the law of Christ? It is walking in love — the heart of the law as Jesus summarized it

Q&A: Josh Kretchmer asks about the law of Christ

Sermon on the Mount walking in the Spirit law of Christ
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The Sabbath: Jesus did not abolish it but clarified it; NT passages show Christians are not bound by it

Q&A: question about the Sabbath and lesser commandments

1 Corinthians Colossians Romans 14 1 Corinthians Colossians Romans 14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Voluntarily keeping feast days or eating kosher for conscience's sake is acceptable; mandating it for others is wrong

Q&A: lularoe asks if observing feasts/clean eating condemns him

1 Corinthians Romans 14 1 Corinthians Romans 14 Christian liberty
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Romans 5:18-19 — 'one act of righteousness leads to justification for all men' — universal extent, not universalism

Winger examines Romans 5:18-19 as another text supporting universal atonement but not universalism.

Romans 5:18-19 Romans 5:17 Adam justification universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'Those who receive' in Romans 5:17 conditions justification on reception; Romans 10:13 confirms call-response salvation

Winger highlights the word 'receive' in Romans 5:17 as the hinge that prevents universal atonement from collapsing into universalism.

Romans 5:17 Romans 10:13 faith free will application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Summary: multiple scriptures confirm universal extent, non-universal application; rejecting limited atonement does not require leaving Calvinism

Winger wraps up his scriptural case and notes that rejecting limited atonement does not require rejecting Calvinism wholesale.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-13

Romans 3:19-23: The purpose of the law is to close every mouth and make all the world accountable

The true purpose of the OT law

Romans 3:19-23 knowledge of sin Romans 3:19-23 purpose of the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-13

Romans 3:21-24: The law leads to Christ — righteousness through faith for all who believe

The law's positive function: pointing to Christ

Romans 3:21-24 justification by faith grace righteousness of God
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-13

Advice to Anderson followers: recognize the problems and apply a filter

Pastoral counsel to people in Anderson's orbit

Romans 10:2 discernment zeal without knowledge Romans 10:2
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-19

Romans 1:3 refutes the "outer space Jesus" claim — Paul explicitly places Jesus as a historical descendant of David born in the flesh

Exegetical refutation of Carrier's cosmic Jesus interpretation

Romans 1:3 Paul Richard Carrier Davidic descent
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-19

Refutation: Paul and Jesus use "brothers" for all believers, but Matthew names four brothers of Jesus including James — confirmed by Josephus

Multiple source attestation for James as biological brother of Jesus

Galatians James (brother of Jesus) Matthew 13:55 Josephus Galatians multiple attestation
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