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Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority

Jonathan Morrow — Kindle highlights from 'Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority'. 39 highlights.

2 Corinthians 5:7 2 Peter 1:20–21 2 Timothy 3:14–15 Biblical Authority Apologetics

Theology verse entry

John 12:32

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

John 12:32 soteriology,sovereignty,drawing,Calvinism,provisionism,universal atonement

Theology verse entry

Acts 17:30

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Acts 17:30 repentance,universal call,Mars Hill,soteriology

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-22

People deceived from childhood into false belief are still accountable, but God's judgment is calibrated to what they genuinely could have known — general revelation (creation, conscience) remains available to everyone

Q&A: question about accountability for someone deceived from before the age of accountability.

accountability general revelation judgment

Mike Winger idea 2018-09-05

God can speak through creation, but creation communicates general attributes (glory, power) not specific instruction — the written word provides far greater specificity.

Viewer question about whether God speaks through nature/creation outside the Bible.

Psalm 19 Romans 1 general revelation Scripture special revelation

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

What does the unbeliever know? Sye argues Romans 1 teaches everyone has sufficient knowledge of the true God for their condemnation — not just 'a god' but the God

Winger's first probing question; Sye's answer

Romans 1 accountability general revelation Romans 1

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Winger argues Romans 1 teaches that people have been given sufficient information but may not currently believe it, because sin causes suppression and exchange of truth

Winger's counter-reading of Romans 1

Romans 1 sin general revelation Romans 1

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Acts 17:31 — Paul cites the resurrection as giving 'assurance' that Jesus will be judge; Winger argues this is evidence-for-deity, not just evidence-for-resurrection

Winger's Acts 17 argument

Acts 17:31 resurrection general revelation Paul's apologetic method

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Discussion of Acts 17 Areopagus sermon: Paul makes a historical argument from resurrection to Christ's authority, not an argument for the existence of God

Extended analysis of Acts 17 and Paul's apologetic at Athens

Acts 17 Romans 1-2 Acts 17 resurrection general revelation

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Romans 2 and conscience: Gentiles do by nature what the law requires, showing the work of the law written on their hearts — grounds their accountability in certain knowledge, not probability

Sye's argument from Romans 2 for the certainty of moral knowledge in all people

Romans 2 Romans 2 accountability general revelation

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Winger's anecdote: his 10-year-old nephew had never heard of God — counter-evidence to the claim that all people consciously know God exists

Winger's experiential challenge to Sye's universal knowledge claim

Romans 1 accountability general revelation Romans 1

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Why send missionaries if everyone already knows God? Sye: sufficient knowledge for condemnation is not sufficient knowledge for salvation — missionaries bring saving knowledge through the gospel

Audience Q&A on unreached peoples and missionary purpose

Romans 1 general revelation Romans 1 unreached peoples

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

The beachball analogy: you cannot suppress what you don't already hold; Sye uses this to prove people must have truth to suppress it

Sye's illustration for the suppression of truth in Romans 1

Romans 1 general revelation Romans 1 suppression of truth

Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

1 Corinthians 8:6-7 — 'not everyone has this knowledge'; Winger argues this shows not all people know the God of the Bible; Sye says it refers to saving knowledge, not general knowledge

Winger's Scripture argument against universal conscious knowledge of God

1 Corinthians 8:6-7 general revelation knowledge of God saving knowledge

Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Q&A: Can atheists be saved? — Romans 1 and the hardening process of rejecting God

Answering viewer Sarah Beauchamp's question about Barron's statement that even atheists can be saved

Romans 1 Romans 1:18-32 atheism conscience Romans 1

Mike Winger idea 2019-04-10

Romans 1:18-32 describes two divine judgments on those who suppress the evidence for God: sin and a debased mind

Q&A: Monica Poole asks how Street Epistemology relates to Romans 1

Romans 1:18-32 Romans 1:20 atheism Romans 1:18-32 cosmological argument

Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Are those who never hear the gospel lost? Is it your fault if you fail to share?

Winger addresses two connected questions about evangelistic responsibility.

Ezekiel 33 evangelism accountability hell

Mike Winger idea 2020-08-28

No one overcomes unbelief "on their own" — God uses general revelation, conscience, and the Holy Spirit to call everyone

Continuing the conditional election question — answering the specific sub-question of why a sinner must overcome unbelief "on their own."

Romans 1 Holy Spirit conscience soteriology

Mike Winger idea 2021-01-08

Those who lived before Christ or never heard the gospel can still be saved — through faith in the true God, ultimately through Christ

Question from Telly Kaler about how people who lived before Jesus will be judged

Abraham salvation universalism

Mike Winger idea 2020-12-04

Accepting Jesus is the only way to heaven, but those who never heard the gospel may be saved through faithful response to lesser revelation — analogous to Abraham.

Question from Jack Bradley about salvation for those who never heard or only heard harmful versions of the gospel.

Abraham Old Testament saints Salvation exclusivism

Mike Winger idea 2020-03-04

Q: Does Romans 1:20 refute total depravity? Not directly. Romans 1:20 says everyone has received sufficient revelation of God's existence through creation, making them without excuse. Mike disagrees with Calvinist "total inability" (inability to respond even with Holy Spirit's calling) but doesn't think this verse addresses it.

Q&A — Romans 1:20 and total depravity

Romans 1:20 general revelation total depravity general revelation

Questioning the Bible: 11 Major Challenges to the Bible''s Authority

John 12:32

Acts 17:30

People deceived from childhood into false belief are still accountable, but God's judgment is calibrated to what they genuinely could have known — general revelation (creation, conscience) remains available to everyone

God can speak through creation, but creation communicates general attributes (glory, power) not specific instruction — the written word provides far greater specificity.

What does the unbeliever know? Sye argues Romans 1 teaches everyone has sufficient knowledge of the true God for their condemnation — not just 'a god' but the God

Winger argues Romans 1 teaches that people have been given sufficient information but may not currently believe it, because sin causes suppression and exchange of truth

Acts 17:31 — Paul cites the resurrection as giving 'assurance' that Jesus will be judge; Winger argues this is evidence-for-deity, not just evidence-for-resurrection

Discussion of Acts 17 Areopagus sermon: Paul makes a historical argument from resurrection to Christ's authority, not an argument for the existence of God

Romans 2 and conscience: Gentiles do by nature what the law requires, showing the work of the law written on their hearts — grounds their accountability in certain knowledge, not probability

Winger's anecdote: his 10-year-old nephew had never heard of God — counter-evidence to the claim that all people consciously know God exists

Why send missionaries if everyone already knows God? Sye: sufficient knowledge for condemnation is not sufficient knowledge for salvation — missionaries bring saving knowledge through the gospel

The beachball analogy: you cannot suppress what you don't already hold; Sye uses this to prove people must have truth to suppress it

1 Corinthians 8:6-7 — 'not everyone has this knowledge'; Winger argues this shows not all people know the God of the Bible; Sye says it refers to saving knowledge, not general knowledge

Q&A: Can atheists be saved? — Romans 1 and the hardening process of rejecting God

Romans 1:18-32 describes two divine judgments on those who suppress the evidence for God: sin and a debased mind

Q&A: Are those who never hear the gospel lost? Is it your fault if you fail to share?

No one overcomes unbelief "on their own" — God uses general revelation, conscience, and the Holy Spirit to call everyone

Those who lived before Christ or never heard the gospel can still be saved — through faith in the true God, ultimately through Christ

Accepting Jesus is the only way to heaven, but those who never heard the gospel may be saved through faithful response to lesser revelation — analogous to Abraham.

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