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Scripture Commentary article 2026-03-30

1 Corinthians 14 — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 5 research notes examining 1 Corinthians 14:34-36, including the eta particle argument for quotation/refutation reading, the non-existent 'law' reference, segregated seating problems, and commentary from RtNT and Bender showing contradictions with Paul's affirmation of women prophesying.

1 Cor 11:2-16 1 Cor 11:22 1 Cor 6:2 1 Corinthians 14 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-08

What Mike Winger Gets Wrong on What Women Can’t Do

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 13 on what women can and can't do according to the Bible

1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Timothy 2:12 Ephesians 5:21-22 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-14

A 14-Point Biblical Case for Women Leaders and Teachers And Why Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists Are Wrong About This

A 14-point biblical case for women leaders and teachers, responding to Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists

1 Cor 12:21-24 1 Cor 14:26 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-07-06

@Paula_333 @BronWen727104 The claim that the name is Junias and that this is a m

@Paula_333 @BronWen727104 The claim that the name is Junias and that this is a male name is not scripture.

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-02-12

@graceforprize @ComeBack_Yeshua @Rattle_Resists @michael_ronning Are you trying to refute me by filling my screen up? Another filibustering tactic (your word)? Jesus never said that a woman cannot be an apostle (clearly Junia was one and arguably Pr...

@graceforprize @ComeBack_Yeshua @Rattle_Resists @michael_ronning Are you trying to refute me by filling my screen up? Another filibustering tactic (your word)? Jesus never said that a woman cannot be

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-02-12

@graceforprize @ComeBack_Yeshua @Rattle_Resists @michael_ronning Yes, Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles, but why do you say he only chose men? What about Priscilla who went with him on his journeys and Junia who was highly esteemed among the apostles? ...

@graceforprize @ComeBack_Yeshua @Rattle_Resists @michael_ronning Yes, Jesus sent Paul to the Gentiles, but why do you say he only chose men? What about Priscilla who went with him on his journeys and

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-02-02

@mbruggelivecom1 @Peacemaker811 @CovenantReform2 Junia obviously wasn't one of t

@mbruggelivecom1 @Peacemaker811 @CovenantReform2 Junia obviously wasn't one of the 12, but there were more apostles than just the 12. Recall when Jesus appointed and sent out the 72 (Lk 10:1)? Those w

Lk 10:1 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-01-02

Let's not forget that the NT contains examples of women in ministry such as: Pho

Let's not forget that the NT contains examples of women in ministry such as: Phoebe: deacon (Ro 16:1), Junia: apostle (Ro 16:7), and Priscilla: a teacher of Apollos (Ac 18:26). In fact, Ro 16 lists 1

Ac 18:26 Ro 16:1 Ro 16:7 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-10-08

@RichardFinke69 @spencer_newell @MikeWingerii Tribe of Levi was Old Testament —there were no female priests in the old covenant. Priscilla is my favourite early church mother and apostle. If you don’t accept her, then Junia. The ecumenical councils...

@RichardFinke69 @spencer_newell @MikeWingerii Tribe of Levi was Old Testament —there were no female priests in the old covenant. Priscilla is my favourite early church mother and apostle. If you don’

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-20

@GlennDavies @SwordMasterPub So you demonstrated that there are males who appear to be elders like Titus, Timothy and James, but we don’t have a letter written to or about a woman? What about 2John 1,5 (elect lady) and vs 13 (chosen sister)? Also, w...

@GlennDavies @SwordMasterPub So you demonstrated that there are males who appear to be elders like Titus, Timothy and James, but we don’t have a letter written to or about a woman? What about 2John 1

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-11

@peace_got @pastherandie @MikeWingerii Timothy and Titus say essentially the same thing. Who wrote Ruth? Who wrote Esther? Who wrote Hebrews? Deborah was a judge and prophet. Junia was an ordinary (not foundational) apostle. No one is saying that ...

@peace_got @pastherandie @MikeWingerii Timothy and Titus say essentially the same thing. Who wrote Ruth? Who wrote Esther? Who wrote Hebrews? Deborah was a judge and prophet. Junia was an ordinary (

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-17

@ronhenzel So you said “So, since I’m debating it further, I’m obviously not treating it as a settled issue.” Seems you meant you are open to being wrong about Junia (could be either way though you think you have big guns behind your position that s...

@ronhenzel So you said “So, since I’m debating it further, I’m obviously not treating it as a settled issue.” Seems you meant you are open to being wrong about Junia (could be either way though you t

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-17

@ronhenzel Paul doesn’t indicate Junia had teaching authority? The list of those

@ronhenzel Paul doesn’t indicate Junia had teaching authority? The list of those explicitly stated to have “teaching authority” would seem to be pretty small. I don’t think Paul even said Priscilla ha

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-09

@ronhenzel @FranklinShell0 @CatherineMcNiel Apostle - Junia Elder/pastor - Prisc

@ronhenzel @FranklinShell0 @CatherineMcNiel Apostle - Junia Elder/pastor - Priscilla Deacon - Phoebe Just to name a few. First and last are explicit. Priscilla is clear from what she did, being liste

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-09

@FranklinShell0 @CatherineMcNiel @ronhenzel These women all played significant roles. 1. Phoebe - a deaconess of the church at Cenchreae. (Rom 16:1-2) 2. Priscilla (Prisca) - taught Apollos and worked alongside Paul; had a church in her home(Act 18:...

@FranklinShell0 @CatherineMcNiel @ronhenzel These women all played significant roles. 1. Phoebe - a deaconess of the church at Cenchreae. (Rom 16:1-2) 2. Priscilla (Prisca) - taught Apollos and worke

Act 18:2-3 Rom 16:1-2 Rom 16:3-4 general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-05

@Richard89885354 @MarkGrote Junia was praised among the apostles, Priscilla led her house church together with her husband and they both went on missionary journeys with Paul. Phoebe was a deacon whom Paul commended to the believers at Rome because s...

@Richard89885354 @MarkGrote Junia was praised among the apostles, Priscilla led her house church together with her husband and they both went on missionary journeys with Paul. Phoebe was a deacon whom

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-11-22

@ZacharyGarris I wonder if Chrysostom would have praised Junia as outstanding among the apostles and also called her “weak and fickle”? And that while she was outstanding, would he also she really ought to have kept to her place at home and be silen...

@ZacharyGarris I wonder if Chrysostom would have praised Junia as outstanding among the apostles and also called her “weak and fickle”? And that while she was outstanding, would he also she really ou

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-09-12

@aflawedmanofGod @ortrails @goteamcarr The 12 disciples were chosen before the start of the church. Being first doesn't mean leadership was exclusively Jewish men. Paul said Junia was included with those who were outstanding among the apostles. Wh...

@aflawedmanofGod @ortrails @goteamcarr The 12 disciples were chosen before the start of the church. Being first doesn't mean leadership was exclusively Jewish men. Paul said Junia was included with

question
Theology verse entry

1 Peter 4:10-11

Sections: debate_points, exegesis

1 Peter 4:10-11 spiritual gifts utterances of God stewardship
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 12:28

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 12:28 apostles prophets teachers
Theology verse entry

Psalm 109:8

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Psalm 109:8 apostolate,office,episkope,Matthias,Judas,replacement
Theology verse entry

Romans 16:1-7

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 16:1-7 Phoebe,Junia,deacon,apostle,prostatis,patron,women leaders,egalitarian,episemos,women apostles
Theology verse entry

Judges 4:4-9

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Judges 4:4-9 Deborah,judge,prophetess,woman leader,Barak,Israel,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 14:33-37

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 14:33-37 interpolation,textual criticism,silence,quotation,Western text,women speaking,women silent,Corinthian quotation,oral law,Pharisees,rhetorical refutation,eta particle,women in ministry,egalitarian,complementarian debate
Theology verse entry

Acts 1:16-26

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Acts 1:16-26 Judas,betrayal,foreknowledge,sovereignty,prophecy fulfillment,predestination,free will,apostolate,Matthias,Paul,twelve,lot,human initiative
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 3:8-13

Sections: exegesis

1 Timothy 3:8-13 deacons,women deacons,gynaikas,likewise,hosautos,diakonos,phoebe,women leadership,huebner
Theology verse entry

Joel 2:28-29

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Joel 2:28-29 prophecy,Spirit outpouring,daughters,women prophets,Pentecost,egalitarian,Joel,Acts 2,Peter sermon,last days
Theology greek term

ἐπισκοπή (episkopē)

office, oversight, supervision

greek
Theology greek term

ἐπιτρέπω (epitrepo)

to permit, to allow, to entrust

greek
Theology greek term

Ἰουνίαν (Iounian)

Junia (feminine name, accusative)

greek
Theology greek term

ἐν ἐπισήμῳ (en episemo)

with distinction, in a noteworthy way; preposition phrase in Romans 16:7 (Junia debate)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 4 will address women in the New Testament: women as apostles, elders, deacons, and teachers, including the Junia question.

Series overview and roadmap

women deacons Junia women apostles
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright's egalitarian argument: women as apostles to the apostles

Mike plays a clip from NT Wright presenting the egalitarian case for women leaders.

Romans 16 Junia women apostles Mary Magdalene
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright on Romans 16: women as church leaders and Phoebe as letter bearer

Continuation of Wright's argument about Romans 16.

Romans 16 Romans 16:1-2 Junia N.T. Wright Romans 16
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Two egalitarian claims: Mary as apostle to the apostles, and Junia in Romans 16

Mike previews the two main egalitarian arguments he will address.

Romans 16:7 Junia Mary Magdalene N.T. Wright
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Romans 16:7 text and the translation debate on Junia

Mike reads the ESV translation of Romans 16:7 and introduces the translation controversy.

Romans 16:7 Junia Romans 16:7 Andronicus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Scholarly consensus favors inclusive reading (Junia as apostle)

Mike acknowledges the current state of scholarly opinion.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 scholarly consensus NIV
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Translation survey: inclusive vs. exclusive renderings of Romans 16:7

Mike surveys how various English translations handle the phrase.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Bible translations NKJV
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Keener's three arguments for Junia as apostle

Mike introduces egalitarian scholar Craig Keener's case.

Romans 16:7 egalitarianism Craig Keener Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Keener's third argument: Greek church fathers and modern scholars agree Junia was an apostle

Mike considers this the weightiest of Keener's three arguments.

Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom Craig Keener Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Majority of scholars who affirm Junia as apostle think she was not highest-rank apostle

Mike makes a crucial distinction within the scholarly consensus.

Romans 16:7 Junia Romans 16:7 apostolic office
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Option 1: Junia as highest-sense apostle (like Peter or Paul)

Mike examines the strongest possible egalitarian reading.

Romans 16:7 Junia apostolic authority Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Counterargument: 'well-known among the apostles' proves too much given their obscurity

Mike offers a significant rebuttal to the highest-sense reading.

Romans 16:7 Galatians 2 Junia Romans 16:7 Andronicus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Option 2: Junia as missionary/church planter (lower sense of apostle)

Mike explores the second option for interpreting Junia's apostleship.

Romans 16:7 Philip Payne apostolos Romans 16:7
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