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All (35) Mike Winger (35)
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 4 will address women in the New Testament: women as apostles, elders, deacons, and teachers, including the Junia question.

Series overview and roadmap

women deacons Junia women apostles
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright's egalitarian argument: women as apostles to the apostles

Mike plays a clip from NT Wright presenting the egalitarian case for women leaders.

Romans 16 Junia women apostles Mary Magdalene
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright on Romans 16: women as church leaders and Phoebe as letter bearer

Continuation of Wright's argument about Romans 16.

Romans 16 Romans 16:1-2 Junia N.T. Wright Romans 16
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Two egalitarian claims: Mary as apostle to the apostles, and Junia in Romans 16

Mike previews the two main egalitarian arguments he will address.

Romans 16:7 Junia Mary Magdalene N.T. Wright
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Romans 16:7 text and the translation debate on Junia

Mike reads the ESV translation of Romans 16:7 and introduces the translation controversy.

Romans 16:7 Junia Romans 16:7 Andronicus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Scholarly consensus favors inclusive reading (Junia as apostle)

Mike acknowledges the current state of scholarly opinion.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 scholarly consensus NIV
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Translation survey: inclusive vs. exclusive renderings of Romans 16:7

Mike surveys how various English translations handle the phrase.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Bible translations NKJV
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Keener's three arguments for Junia as apostle

Mike introduces egalitarian scholar Craig Keener's case.

Romans 16:7 egalitarianism Craig Keener Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Keener's third argument: Greek church fathers and modern scholars agree Junia was an apostle

Mike considers this the weightiest of Keener's three arguments.

Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom Craig Keener Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Majority of scholars who affirm Junia as apostle think she was not highest-rank apostle

Mike makes a crucial distinction within the scholarly consensus.

Romans 16:7 Junia Romans 16:7 apostolic office
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Option 1: Junia as highest-sense apostle (like Peter or Paul)

Mike examines the strongest possible egalitarian reading.

Romans 16:7 Junia apostolic authority Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Counterargument: 'well-known among the apostles' proves too much given their obscurity

Mike offers a significant rebuttal to the highest-sense reading.

Romans 16:7 Galatians 2 Junia Romans 16:7 Andronicus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Option 2: Junia as missionary/church planter (lower sense of apostle)

Mike explores the second option for interpreting Junia's apostleship.

Romans 16:7 Philip Payne apostolos Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Payne's claim that Junia had 'authority as ministers of the gospel' is vague

Mike responds to Payne's claim about authority.

Philip Payne authority in ministry Great Commission
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Linda Belleville thinks Junia was a missionary saved at Pentecost

Mike cites another egalitarian scholar's view.

Acts 2 Linda Belleville Junia Pentecost
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Blomberg's soft complementarian view: missionaries with temporary authority

Mike presents Blomberg's nuanced position from Two Views on Women in Ministry.

soft complementarianism Two Views on Women in Ministry Craig Blomberg
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Tom Schreiner's view: Junia as missionary focused on women's ministry

Mike introduces Schreiner's nuanced addition to the discussion.

Junia Tom Schreiner women's ministry
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Ancient gender-separated society created distinct need for female missionaries

Mike develops the historical-cultural argument for gender-specific ministry.

women's ministry ancient gender roles missionary partnerships
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Junia was female — the debate is largely settled

Mike addresses the gender of Junia.

Junia Junias gender of Junia
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion assuming Junia was an apostle: she was a missionary, not highest-rank

Mike summarizes his 'fallback' position if Junia was indeed an apostle.

Romans 16:7 Acts 2 Linda Belleville Junia Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

The egalitarian 'trump card' of Junia as apostle does not work

Mike's interim conclusion before moving to the Greek syntactical argument.

1 Timothy 2 Junia 1 Timothy 2 egalitarian trump card
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer and Wallace 2001 paper defending exclusive reading of Romans 16:7

Mike introduces a key scholarly paper challenging the consensus.

Romans 16:7 Daniel Wallace Romans 16:7 Michael Burer Daniel Wallace
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer-Wallace thesis: consensus arrived at with thin evidence

Mike presents the paper's opening claim.

Daniel Wallace Michael Burer Daniel Wallace scholarly consensus formation
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Analogy: scholarly assumption that Jesus didn't speak Greek

Mike draws a parallel to another uncritically absorbed scholarly assumption.

Jesus speaking Greek Peter Williams scholarly assumptions
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Key distinction: inclusive vs. exclusive reading of episemoi en tois apostolois

Mike clarifies the two interpretive options.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 episemoi en tois apostolois inclusive reading
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Bauckham reevaluated examples but brought no new counter-evidence

Mike notes a limitation in Bauckham's rebuttal.

church fathers Richard Bauckham scholarly methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion: Junia was probably not an apostle; if she was, she was a missionary

Mike states his overall conclusion on the Junia question.

Romans 16:7 Junia women's ministry Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

N.T. Wright's claim: Mary Magdalene as 'apostle to the apostles'

Mike introduces and plays a clip from N.T. Wright's lecture.

Romans 16:7 Mary Magdalene N.T. Wright Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion: no female apostles in the official high-leadership sense

Mike summarizes the positive data section.

women as apostles apostolic office egalitarian arguments refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Negative data: all twelve apostles were men

Mike presents the complementarian argument from the composition of the Twelve.

Craig Blomberg elder restriction the Twelve
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

All clear references to apostles indicate male gender

Mike addresses the argument that unnamed apostles might have been women.

Junia argument from silence all-male apostolate
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Egalitarian contradiction: cultural restriction vs. Junia's early prominence

Mike identifies an internal contradiction in egalitarian reasoning.

Junia cultural accommodation Pentecost
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Andronicus and Junia — debate about whether there were female apostles

Mike briefly mentions the debate about Junia's status as an apostle.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Andronicus and Junia female apostle debate
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The overall OT flow supports men in highest roles (by example and by priestly demand); next week covers women in the NT.

Transition to next video

priesthood Andronicus and Junia apostleship
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Women having influence is not a problem — influence is not the same as eldership

Mike distinguishes between influence and elder authority.

Romans 12 Deborah Junia Priscilla