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Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 3 will cover women in leadership in the Old Testament, including Deborah and egalitarian surveys of female leadership.

Series overview and roadmap

Judges Linda Belleville Deborah women in OT leadership
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Mike limits his analysis to husbands and wives, not all men and women; he will disagree with many complementarians on this. Preview of next video: women in OT leadership positions.

Scope limitation and series preview

women in OT leadership husband-wife scope series preview
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Keener's argument: Deborah as an Old Testament apostle equivalent

Mike addresses Keener's claim linking Deborah to apostleship.

Judges Deborah Judges Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Series recap: Videos 3-4 and Mike's assessment of egalitarian scholarship

Continued series overview with editorial commentary on the quality of egalitarian biblical scholarship.

Deborah priesthood women in Old Testament
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to part 3 of the Women in Ministry series, covering an exhaustive study on all the Bible teaches on the topic.

Series introduction and framing

women in ministry complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Definitions of egalitarian and complementarian positions.

Setting up key terms for the discussion

complementarianism egalitarianism elder
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Real believers exist on both sides, but the issue still matters.

Framing the tone of the debate

women in ministry charitable debate
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Summary of video 1: removing obstacles and presuppositions that cause people to bypass the Bible on this topic.

Recap of previous videos in the series

women in ministry presuppositions hermeneutics
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Summary of video 2: Genesis 1-3 establishes husband's leadership in relation to his wife, but not men over women generally.

Recap of previous videos in the series

Genesis 2 Genesis 1 Genesis 3 dominion Genesis 2 husband leadership
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Overview of today's topics: women in OT leadership positions — Deborah as judge, female prophets, and the priesthood restriction.

Road map for video 3

judges Deborah priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Warning: OT data consists mostly of examples, not direct teachings, making it difficult to derive rules.

Hermeneutical framework for OT examples

hermeneutics examples vs. teaching culture
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The NT has direct teaching; the OT must be harmonized with it for a comprehensive view.

Hermeneutical framework for OT examples

hermeneutics priesthood comprehensive biblical view
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Genesis 1 recap: women are made in God's image and have authority to subdue creation just as men do.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 1

Genesis 1 image of God dominion Genesis 1
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Genesis 2 recap: six indicators of Adam's pre-fall leadership over Eve.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 2

1 Timothy 2 Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:9-10 creation order pre-fall leadership 1 Timothy 2
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Genesis 3 recap: the curse does not initiate role distinctions; it brings difficulty into pre-existing ones.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 3

Genesis 3 Genesis 3:16 creation order Genesis 3 Genesis 3:16
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Recap: Mike rejects the 'helper' argument and the 'serpent subverted leadership pattern' argument, but affirms the cumulative force of Genesis 2 indicators.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions

Genesis 2 hermeneutics cumulative case original audience
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Summary conclusion so far: husband's authority is pre-fall and part of God's design, but it should not limit women's dominion over creation.

Final recap before moving into new material

Genesis 2 image of God dominion Genesis 2
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Both egalitarians and complementarians can learn from surveying OT women in leadership; complementarians tend to minimize these women.

Setting up the survey of OT examples

John Piper John Piper Deborah complementarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Some complementarians believe women shouldn't have authority over men in any sphere — marriage, church, or society.

Describing the range of complementarian views

complementarianism patriarchalism three spheres of authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The worst complementarian approach is to ignore OT women; egalitarians tend to maximize and stretch the data, exemplified by Linda Belleville.

Critique of both sides' handling of OT evidence

Linda Belleville complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Aimee Byrd claims Huldah canonized the Torah by her prophecy — Mike calls this utterly ridiculous stretching.

Example of egalitarian over-reaching

Huldah Aimee Byrd Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The OT records events in a very patriarchal culture — leaders are almost always men.

Initial perspective for approaching OT evidence

Old Testament women patriarchal culture
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

God may use male leaders because it reaches the culture, not because He requires it; but the 'culture card' needs textual support.

Hermeneutical principle for cultural arguments

hermeneutics Paul culture card
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Counter-cultural examples like Deborah are strong evidence; but clear teaching (like on priests) is even better.

Hermeneutical hierarchy: examples vs. teaching

hermeneutics Deborah priesthood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to Miriam: sister of Moses, a prophetess with an important role — not just a 'hood ornament.'

Beginning the examination of Miriam

Exodus Moses Miriam prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Linda Belleville's view on Miriam from the Two Views on Women in Ministry book.

Presenting the egalitarian case for Miriam

Linda Belleville Tom Schreiner Two Views on Women in Ministry
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Belleville's two claims about Miriam: she was 'sent to lead' Israel (Micah 6:4) and was so valued Israel wouldn't travel without her 'at the helm' (Numbers 12:1-16).

Presenting the egalitarian case for Miriam's leadership

Micah 6:4 Numbers 12:1-16 Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike urges listeners to look up passages themselves rather than trusting scholarly summaries uncritically.

Hermeneutical exhortation

hermeneutics discernment
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Analysis of Micah 6:4: the Hebrew word for 'lead' has God as the subject, not Miriam — Belleville stretches the text.

Rebutting Belleville's first claim about Miriam

Micah 6:4 Linda Belleville Miriam Septuagint
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Philip Payne also claims Miriam was 'sent by God to lead Israel' — Mike calls this reckless handling of the text.

Additional egalitarian scholar making the same claim

Micah 6:4 Philip Payne Miriam textual stretching
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

You can't say Miriam was 'at the helm'; egalitarian works survey unfamiliar OT material and magnify it beyond recognition.

Summary critique of egalitarian OT methodology

Linda Belleville Miriam egalitarian methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Analysis of Belleville's second claim: reading Numbers 12:1-16 to test whether Israel refused to travel without Miriam.

Examining Numbers 12 in detail

Numbers 12:1-16 Linda Belleville Moses Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The Numbers 12 passage is actually about God rebuking Miriam for usurping Moses's authority, not about her valued leadership.

Exegesis of Numbers 12

Numbers 12 Moses Miriam Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Conclusions from Numbers 12: Moses is a different kind of leader; Miriam is rebuked for trying to usurp his authority.

Drawing conclusions from Numbers 12

Numbers 12 Moses Miriam Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Marg Mowczko echoes Belleville: 'the Israelites refused to move on until she was restored to health' — but there is no refusal in the text.

Another egalitarian scholar making the same unsupported claim

Numbers 12:15-16 Miriam textual stretching Marg Mowczko
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Israel traveled by divine command (cloud and fire), never by democracy — refuting the claim that the people 'refused' to travel without Miriam.

Decisive rebuttal using Numbers 9:15-23

Numbers 12:15-16 Numbers 9:15-23 Linda Belleville Marg Mowczko Numbers 12:15-16
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Miriam was a prophetess; some incorrectly deny female prophets existed in the Bible.

Affirming the reality of female prophets

Numbers 12 Miriam prophetess Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike rejects the claim that female prophets only prophesied privately — Scripture doesn't support this restriction and there are examples of public prophecy.

Pushing back on complementarian minimizing

prophetess private vs. public prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Exodus 15:20-21: Miriam leads women with tambourines in singing after the Red Sea crossing — she functions as a prophetess in divinely inspired worship.

Examining Miriam's leadership in Exodus 15

Exodus 15:20-21 Miriam prophetess Exodus 15:20-21
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Exodus 15 shows Moses leading the people in a song, then Miriam leading the women — her leadership is specifically of women.

Contextualizing Miriam's role in Exodus 15

Exodus 15 Moses Miriam Exodus 15
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Complementarians Piper and Grudem claim Miriam 'focused her ministry on the women of Israel' — Mike says this conclusion goes too far from limited data.

Critiquing the complementarian handling of Miriam

John Piper Exodus 15:20-21 John Piper Miriam Wayne Grudem
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Marg Mowczko notes the 'them' in Exodus 15:21 is masculine — Miriam is singing to men, not just women.

Egalitarian pushback on the scope of Miriam's audience

Exodus 15:21 Miriam Marg Mowczko Exodus 15:21
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Numbers 12 implies Miriam prophesied to the people in general, not just women — 'hasn't the Lord spoken to us also?'

Soft evidence that Miriam prophesied to men and women

Numbers 12 Miriam prophetess Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike rejects limiting female prophets to speaking to women only, and rejects limiting Miriam to prophetic singing only.

Final positions on scope of female prophecy

Miriam prophetess prophetic singing
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Conclusions on Miriam: some degree of leadership, not like Moses, rebuked for pushing for more, not a priest, leadership sometimes focused on women and connected to prophecy.

Summary conclusions on Miriam

Moses priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to Huldah the prophetess (2 Kings 22:14) — Belleville emphasizes the king choosing Huldah over other prophets.

Beginning examination of Huldah

2 Kings 22:14 Linda Belleville Huldah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Huldah delivers a powerful prophetic word to King Josiah about judgment on Jerusalem and mercy on him personally.

Reading Huldah's prophecy in 2 Kings 22

2 Kings 22:15-20 Huldah Aimee Byrd Torah canonization
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Egalitarian talking point: Huldah was chosen over contemporary male prophets Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, and Habakkuk.

Presenting the egalitarian case for Huldah's prominence

Jeremiah Zephaniah Nahum Philip Payne Craig Keener Paul, Women, and Wives
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Linda Belleville says Huldah's renown as a religious counselor was such that Josiah's advisors sought her out specifically.

Third egalitarian quote on Huldah

Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry Huldah
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Rebuttal: there is no textual indication they chose Huldah over other prophets; proximity in Jerusalem is a better explanation.

Mike's pushback on the Huldah argument

2 Kings 22:14 hermeneutics Huldah 2 Kings 22:14
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