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Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2025-07-26

κεφαλή (kephale) — Logos Clippings (Cheryl Schatz)

A curated collection of Logos Bible Software clippings compiled by Cheryl Schatz examining the Greek word κεφαλή (kephale) and Hebrew רֹאשׁ (rosh). The clippings draw from lexicons, encyclopedias, commentaries, and academic journals to argue that "source/origin" is the primary metaphorical meaning of kephale rather than "authority/leader," with implications for interpreting 1 Corinthians 11, Ephesians 5, and Colossians 1.

1 Cor. 11:12 1 Cor. 11:8 1 Cor. 1:5 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-09

Women in Places of Power in the Old Testament

Research clippings examining the Proverbs 31 woman as a public figure praised at the city gates — the seat of legal and civic authority. Argues that King Lemuel's mother was a prophet whose oracle comprises the chapter, and that the Proverbs 31 woman exercised judgment and public leadership, not merely domestic roles.

2 Kings 10:8–9 Amos 5:10 Amos 5:15 Genesis & Creation Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-08-08

What Mike Winger Gets Wrong on What Women Can’t Do

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 13 on what women can and can't do according to the Bible

1 Corinthians 7:5 1 Timothy 2:12 Ephesians 5:21-22 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-02-07

Why Mike Winger is Wrong About “Authenteō” in 1 Timothy 2:12 – and Why It Matters

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the meaning of authenteō in 1 Timothy 2:12

1 Cor. 7:13 1 Corinthians 12:27-31 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-12-13

A First Response to Mike Winger’s 11½ Hrs Video on 1 Timothy 2

A first response to Mike Winger's 11.5-hour Women in Ministry Part 12 video on 1 Timothy 2

1 Peter 5:2 1 Tim 2:11-15 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-14

A 14-Point Biblical Case for Women Leaders and Teachers And Why Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists Are Wrong About This

A 14-point biblical case for women leaders and teachers, responding to Mike Winger, The Gospel Coalition, and the Southern Baptists

1 Cor 12:21-24 1 Cor 14:26 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART B)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part B)

1 Chronicles 29:6 1 Corinthians 12:21 1 Corinthians 15:32 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-24

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong With Genesis 1–3: ‘Was Women’s Submission Just A Curse To Be Overturned?’

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 2 on Genesis 1-3 and whether women's submission was just a curse to be overturned

1 Corinthians 11:7-10 1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 16:15-16 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2020-06-02

The Giving Part 2: Judas the Betrayer, a Balanced View of the Sovereignty of God

[Music] the giving is a balanced view of the sovereignty of God God's sovereignty is vitally important for us to know God yet it's God's sovereignty taught as a system of theological thought which can lead to a person reading into the biblical text an outside concept that is foreign to the writers i...

Luke 22:18 Luke 22:21 Luke 22:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2019-09-19

Is Free Will “Another” Gospel?

What is the problem? It is common for Calvinists to argue that humanity can’t have free will because free will would necessitate a salvation based on works. Although the Bible does not make this claim, people have been subject to unfair accusations of heresy by overly zealous Calvinists.

2 Corinthians 3:7–9 2 Timothy 2:13 Galatians 1:8–9 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2018-04-20

Was God’s Wrath Satisfied in Christ or Paid in Hell?

Was God’s wrath satisfied in Christ? If so then how can sinners suffer God’s wrath in hell? This question is one that is often asked by Calvinists to those who do not hold to the teaching of Calvinism.

1 Corinthians 2:14 Colossians 1:21 Colossians 3:3 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-28

What did the death of Jesus do for the world?

The death of Jesus for the world is a delicate question for Calvinists according to John Piper. Piper answers a question from one of his listeners in a post called “ In What Sense Did Jesus Die for the Non-Elect? ” In the audio transcript of an interview Piper says:

2 Timothy 2:13 John 10:16 John 10:17–18 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-17

Was Our Faith Purchased on the Cross as a Gift?

John Piper’s article “ For Whom did Jesus Taste Death? ” focuses on Piper’s premise that disallows Jesus from being a ransom sacrifice for all people. There are many parts of Piper’s article that I would like to address, but I will deal with them one at a time in individual posts.

1 Corinthians 15:14 1 Corinthians 15:17 1 John 1:9–10 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary article 2017-12-08

What comes before the Giving? James White and John 6:37

What comes before the giving in John 6:37? Nothing according to Dr. James White on his October 23, 2017 podcast of the Dividing Line Program (segment starts at 1 hr 2 min 30 second mark).

1 Peter 3:15 Acts 10:1 Acts 16:14 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 1-2: The Designer Knows Best

[Music] oh [Music] Lord why would you give me gifts that you don't allow me to use in the church just because I'm a woman why does the bible always use the term man am I important to God [Music] too why do you love boys more than girls why am I told that I can't lead in public prayer why are there s...

1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Timothy 2:13 2 Timothy 3:16 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-27

The context surrounding John 6

In explaining the meaning of John 6, we need to pay close attention to the context surrounding John 6 as well as the relevant context from the entire book of John. Here are some verses that are HIGHLY relevant and some questions for you to ponder.

John 10:1 John 10:14 John 10:16 Soteriology Calvinism John 6
Scripture Commentary article 2012-11-22

Was Judas predestined to be lost?

Is Judas a problem for your theology? He can be a problem if some of your beliefs come from tradition and not from the Scriptures. In this article, I would like to discuss the full Scriptural view of Judas and ask you to test your own understanding against what the Scripture reveals.

2 Timothy 2:13 John 13:1 John 13:10–11 Soteriology Calvinism Predestination & Election
Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-24

Stubble Straw And Scarecrows Diane Sellner

In 2006 my DVD Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free came out and since that time I have seen my share of scarecrows who are intent on destroying the message of women in ministry. One such scarecrow refuses to go away and it is time to create a blog post where others who have been hurt by the issue

1 Peter 4:11 Hebrews 4 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2012-02-07

Masculine Christianity

This is part 2 of What God intended at creation and it is inspired by a recent lecture given by John Piper where he states that God’s intention for Christianity is for it to have a “ masculine feel “. After discussing John Piper’s Masculine Christianity, I will give my critique of his masculine argu

1 Corinthians 2:1 1 Timothy 2:12 2 Kings 22:3 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2012-01-08

Eph 5 Infected

In my last post, I presented one of the best sermons that I have ever heard on Ephesians 5, regarding the evidence of Spirit-filled lives for both men and women. This post is on the opposite of the Spirit-filled life which is an influx of worldly infection through male-centered pride

Luke 22:25 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-12-26

Our Story

MM Outreach News & Views #98 features our story of adversity through God’s grace. This will help many of you to understand why I am not always fast in answering or posting here on the Women in Ministry blog

Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-10-29

Phil Johnson Monstrous Divas

Phil Johnson over at Pyromaniacs has struck up some heat on a post that he titles “The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of the Discernment Divas”. In this post and in his subsequent comments he makes his position plain that women are not allowed to publicly point out an erro

1 Corinthians 12:11 1 Corinthians 12:6 1 Corinthians 14:1 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2011-09-22

Eve Prototype

This post is the second part of an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. The first points 1 – 4 are discussed here

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-25

Specific Or General Woman

This post will be an expansion on the reasons why I believe that 1 Timothy 2:11-15 is about one specific woman and why a general reference to women does not line up with the grammar within the surrounding context. I will also consider the challenge to my view from the new verbal aspect theory

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 1:16 1 Timothy 2:10 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-06-05

Prohibit Teaching A Man

Some egalitarians suggest that the object “a man” in 1 Timothy 2:12 should rightfully be connected to only one verb “authentein” and that the infinitive form of the verb “to teach” was not meant to be connected to the object “man”

1 Timothy 2:11-15 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2011-04-21

I Dont Need You

The body of Christ is a body ministry where each of us are needed and each gift that God has distributed among us is needed. So why is it that many men say that they do not need for a woman teacher when this personal rejection of their own need is contradicted by 1 Corinthians 12:21

1 Corinthians 12:21 Ecclesiastes 1 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-07-28

Place Of Master By Law

The Bible records a law that requires men to take the place of sole master in the home. We find this law in the book of Esther chapter 1 verse 22

1 Peter 2:12 1 Peter 3:16 1 Timothy 5:14 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-06-02

Submission And Origin Of Authority

When is authority given and when can it be rightfully assumed. These are questions that have divided egalitarians and complementarians in the area of marriage

Ephesians 5:21 Ephesians 6:7 Ephesians 6:9 Ephesians 5 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-05-14

Calling God To Account

While God is Sovereign, some men believe that they can set a limit on God’s gifts. In the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood’s doctrinal stand, they believe that God is allowed to distribute gifts to men and women alike with the gifts listed in 1 Cor

1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Peter 4:10 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-14

T4G Comp Tied To Gospel

The 2010 Together for the Gospel conference is on right now as I write this article. The conference this year is called The Unadjusted Gospel and according to J

Colossians 14:34-35 Ephesians 4:2 Exodus 1 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-28

John Piper Takes Leave Of Ministry To Work On His Marriage

On March 28, 2010, complementarian John Piper announced that he is leaving ministry for a time because of several issues of pride that were affecting his soul and had taken a toll on his relationship with his wife Noël. Below is what Piper has written about his issues and his next steps

Proverbs 22 Romans 1 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-27

Principal Fired

On Sunday, March 21, 2010, a meeting was held to determine the fate of principal John Hartwig who had been suspended  earlier for engaging in conduct “unbecoming a called worker”. The Baraboo News Republic in Baraboo, Wisconsin documents the letter that was sent to school parents that announced Hart

Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-26

Sin Nature Through Man

The question has come up on this blog about whether Adam had a sin nature at the fall that would have been passed on to all of us, and if this is an issue that is important regarding women in ministry. After all, we need to know why it is that only Adam would bring sin into the world and if all of u

1 Corinthians 15:22 1 Corinthians 15:45 1 Timothy 1:13 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-07

Why Was Eve Punished

In our discussions on Genesis, there has been one puzzling question. If Adam alone sinned willfully and the woman fell into sin through deception, then why did God punish Eve so severely for her sin

Colossians 2:15 Genesis 3:14 Genesis 3:15 Genesis & Creation Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-03-01

Women More Easily Deceived

Another reason some complementarians claim for denying women opportunities to minister in the church is that it is said that women are more easily deceived than men so men alone are permitted to minister in the church. A good example of this kind of rationale is found here with this excerpt:

1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:14 1 Timothy 2:15 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2010-02-20

Adam Names Eve

One of the positions that complementarians commonly hold is that male and female were created with distinct roles so that one (the male) is said to have been given the authority over the other (the female) and the fact that Adam names Eve is used as proof of the man’s authority. CMBW (The Council on

Acts 22 Exodus 1 Exodus 23 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2010-02-09

Womens Speaking Dishonors Men

Another common objection to women in ministry is the claim that when women speak and lead publicly it dishonors men

Ephesians 4:11 Ephesians 4:12 Nahum 4:11 Adam & Eve Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-25

Two Gifts Or One

The bride of Christ has been given gifts but are teacher and pastor two gifts or one

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 14:12 Acts 4:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-25

Common Objections To Women In Ministry

One of the first objections to women in ministry is the fact that Jesus chose only males as his twelve apostles. If Jesus only chose men for this special “class” of people who were to be His witnesses of the resurrection, then didn’t Jesus show by this act that He does not allow women to minister in

Esther 12 Hosea 12 Isaiah 12 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-19

Spiritual Abuse Recovery

Last year I blogged about Dr. Barb Orlowski’s research on spiritual abuse

Nahum 16 Women in Leadership Spiritual Abuse
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-12

Pastor And Team In Haiti During Earthquake

I have a great concern tonight for my Pastor. Pastor Jim Reimer and two of our worship team along with a group of teens from our local high school flew into Haiti around noon today

Exodus 90 Hebrews 53 Hosea 20 Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-01-11

Using Pauls Authority

Paul’s use of “I am not allowing” in 1 Timothy 2:12 has caused a lot of speculation regarding his reasons for disallowing certain activities. In this post, we are going to look at this phrase very carefully

1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2:17 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
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