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Scripture Commentary article 2026-03-30

1 Corinthians 14 — Research Notes (Cheryl Schatz)

Collection of 5 research notes examining 1 Corinthians 14:34-36, including the eta particle argument for quotation/refutation reading, the non-existent 'law' reference, segregated seating problems, and commentary from RtNT and Bender showing contradictions with Paul's affirmation of women prophesying.

1 Cor 11:2-16 1 Cor 11:22 1 Cor 6:2 1 Corinthians 14 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2009-11-10

Comp View Of 1Cor11 Mark

This post is a first. I have never before taken the writing of a complementarian and posted it on my blog

1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:13-16 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-09-19

Evaluating Schatz Seaver Debate

On July 27th, 2009 Mike Seaver and I started a ten session debate on Women in Ministry where I was able to ask Mike questions on his position, he answered my questions and then we each had one response. Mike is still considering whether he will continue with another ten sessions where Mike will ask

1 Corinthians 14:34-35 1 Peter 4:10 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Corinthians 14 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-07-24

@BogdanOancea77 According to 1 Cor 14:34-35, a woman should not speak in the assembly. Paul permitted women prophesying, but some in the Corinthian church were trying to put a stop to that. “Have two or three prophets speak, and have the others pas...

@BogdanOancea77 According to 1 Cor 14:34-35, a woman should not speak in the assembly. Paul permitted women prophesying, but some in the Corinthian church were trying to put a stop to that. “Have tw

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 14:29 debate
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 14:1, 5

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 14:1, 5 prophecy spiritual gifts women prophesying
Theology verse entry

2 Peter 3:15-16

Sections: cross_references, exegesis

2 Peter 3:15-16 Paul hard to understand distortion
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 14:23-25

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 14:23-25 prophecy,all prophesy,unbelievers,conviction,edification,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

Acts 2:17-18

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Acts 2:17-18 pentecost,prophecy,sons daughters,Holy Spirit,last days,egalitarian,Joel
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 14:33-37

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 14:33-37 interpolation,textual criticism,silence,quotation,Western text,women speaking,women silent,Corinthian quotation,oral law,Pharisees,rhetorical refutation,eta particle,women in ministry,egalitarian,complementarian debate
Theology verse entry

Joel 2:28-29

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Joel 2:28-29 prophecy,Spirit outpouring,daughters,women prophets,Pentecost,egalitarian,Joel,Acts 2,Peter sermon,last days
Theology greek term

δύσνοητος (dysnoētos)

hard to understand / difficult to comprehend

greek
Theology greek term

λαλέω (laleo)

to speak, to talk, to proclaim; general word for verbal expression

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Preview of upcoming topics: apostles, universal priesthood, prophecy, spiritual gifts, NT Wright's arguments

Mike previews what will be covered in part 5.

women apostles N.T. Wright women prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 4 introduced: The prophecy argument — if women prophesied, they can teach and be elders

Mike introduces the fourth and one of the more challenging arguments. Women prophesied, prophecy is a high role with authority, therefore women can teach and be elders.

prophecy argument women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Survey of women who prophesied in the Bible: Miriam, Huldah, Deborah, Isaiah's wife, Anna, Philip's four daughters

Mike establishes that women clearly prophesied throughout the Bible, both in the OT and NT.

Isaiah's wife Luke 2 Acts 21:9 Deborah women prophesying Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 11 gives rules for how women should prophesy in public gatherings; Acts 2 / Joel 2 declares sons and daughters shall prophesy

Key NT evidence that women prophesied publicly in church gatherings.

1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 Joel 2 1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Three egalitarian claims from women prophesying: (1) women could speak publicly, (2) prophecy is similar to teaching, (3) prophecy carries authority rivaling eldership

Mike outlines three sub-arguments egalitarians derive from women prophesying.

Craig Keener prophecy argument prophecy and authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Two key passages used by strong complementarians to deny women speaking publicly: 1 Corinthians 14:34 and 1 Timothy 2

Mike identifies the passages that fuel the opposing view.

1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14:34 John MacArthur 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14:34 John MacArthur
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 11 clearly refers to prophecy in public mixed-gender gatherings; the whole section (chs. 11-14) deals with gathered worship

Mike argues the broader context of 1 Corinthians leaves no room for limiting this to private settings.

1 Corinthians 11 head coverings 1 Corinthians 11 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Anna prophesied publicly at the temple to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem (Luke 2:36-38)

Mike presents Anna as another example of public, mixed-gender prophetic speech.

Luke 2:36-38 women prophesying Anna Luke 2:36-38
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 gives parallel instructions for men and women prophesying in the same context

Mike reads the key text: men are told how to prophesy, and in the same breath women are told how to prophesy.

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 head coverings women prophesying 1 Corinthians 11:4-5
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

MacArthur's conclusion quoted and rejected: 'women may have the gift of prophecy but normally are not to prophesy where men are present'

Mike quotes MacArthur's specific position and says the rule 'seems wrong.'

1 Corinthians 14:34 John MacArthur women prophesying Philip's daughters 1 Corinthians 14:34
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Key distinction: Scripture limits HOW women prophesy, not WHERE or WHEN

Mike summarizes his position on women and prophecy.

1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 11 women prophesying how vs. where
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Claim 2 analysis: Prophecy is similar enough to teaching that women should be able to teach in mixed gatherings

Mike now analyzes the second egalitarian claim from women prophesying.

1 Corinthians 14:31 soft complementarianism 1 Corinthians 14:31 prophecy and teaching
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Scripture places limits on women prophesying: they must acknowledge male headship (1 Corinthians 11) and may not judge prophecies (1 Corinthians 14)

Mike notes that even within prophecy, there are gender-specific limitations.

1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11 headship 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Conclusion on prophecy: it pushes back against banning women from public speech but does not support removing all eldership restrictions

Mike gives his balanced conclusion on the prophecy argument.

soft complementarianism prophecy argument complementarian correction
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Mike calls himself a 'soft complementarian' because egalitarian arguments bring needed balance

Mike explains why he uses the term 'soft complementarian.'

soft complementarianism secondary doctrinal issue
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Style Argument 3: The verses logically contradict 1 Corinthians 11:5

Mike addresses the argument that these verses contradict Paul's earlier allowance of women prophesying.

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:5 logical contradiction argument women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The refutation view creates internally contradictory beliefs about the Corinthians

Mike argues the refutation view requires believing contradictory things about Corinthian church practice simultaneously.

1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 11 Corinthian church practices internal consistency
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Utter Silence View Hinge 2: 1 Corinthians 11 proves women could prophesy publicly in church

Mike presents the strongest challenge to the utter silence view from within the same letter.

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:2-6 head coverings 1 Corinthians 11:5 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Acts 2 and the Joel prophecy: men and women prophesied publicly at Pentecost

Mike cites Acts 2 as scriptural evidence against the utter silence view.

Joel 2 Acts 2:15-18 Joel 2 women prophesying Acts 2:15-18
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Additional scriptural examples of women prophesying publicly: Philip's daughters, Anna, Huldah, Deborah, Miriam

Mike cites multiple OT and NT examples of women prophesying publicly before mixed audiences.

Acts 21:9 Luke 2:36-38 Deborah Miriam Huldah
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 1: Women can prophesy and speak in public church gatherings with role qualifications

Mike begins his six conclusions from this study.

1 Corinthians 11 head coverings role differences 1 Corinthians 11
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Women prophesying congregationally in the Bible — some speech to mixed groups is permitted

Mike uses biblical prophecy as evidence women can speak in congregational settings.

1 Corinthians 11 Luke 2 Acts 21 Deborah 1 Corinthians 11 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-13

Women speaking in Acts and prophesying in church shows 1 Timothy 2 is not a ban on women speaking at all.

Clarifying the scope of the women/quietness prohibition.

1 Timothy 2 Acts 1 Timothy 2 Acts Women in ministry
Pulpit research note

Commentary: Image and Glory — The 1 Corinthians 11:7 Avoidance

Ardavanis says: > "Both are made in the image of God and bring profound glory to God. Males do not reflect God's image more than females." Yet he never addresses **1Co 11:7:** "For a man ought not t

1 Corinthians 11:7