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All (444) Scripture Commentary (182) Theology (47) Mike Winger (210) Pulpit (5)
Theology verse entry

John 6:44

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:44 soteriology,drawing,irresistible grace,helko,inability,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

John 6:63

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:63 soteriology,spirit gives life,flesh profits nothing,words of Jesus,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

John 6:64-65

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 6:64-65 soteriology,unbelief,foreknowledge,granting,connection,Calvinism,provisionism
Theology verse entry

1 John 2:2

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 John 2:2 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,propitiation,Calvinism,scope of atonement,hilasmos
Theology verse entry

John 3:16

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

John 3:16 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,kosmos,God's love,scope of atonement
Theology verse entry

Acts 1:16-26

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Acts 1:16-26 Judas,betrayal,foreknowledge,sovereignty,prophecy fulfillment,predestination,free will,apostolate,Matthias,Paul,twelve,lot,human initiative
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 2:8-9

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 2:8-9 soteriology,grace,faith,salvation,Calvinism,gift of God,purchased faith,works
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 1:4-5

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 1:4-5 soteriology,predestination,election,free will,Calvinism,provisionism,corporate election
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 2:1-5

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 2:1-5 soteriology,predestination,total depravity,free will,Calvinism,provisionism,spiritual death
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 1:26-31

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

1 Corinthians 1:26-31 soteriology,predestination,election,free will,Calvinism,provisionism,boasting,faith vs works
Theology verse entry

Romans 9:17-18

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 9:17-18 soteriology,sovereignty,hardening,Calvinism,provisionism,Pharaoh
Theology verse entry

Romans 1:24-28

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Romans 1:24-28 soteriology,sovereignty,hardening,Calvinism,provisionism,judicial hardening
Theology verse entry

Romans 8:28-30

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 8:28-30 golden chain,foreknowledge,predestination,calling,justification,glorification,soteriology,Calvinist proof text
Theology verse entry

Titus 2:11

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Titus 2:11 grace,salvation,universal atonement,unlimited atonement,soteriology
Theology verse entry

Colossians 1:15-18

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Colossians 1:15-18 kephale,head,source,origin,creator,firstborn,preeminence,christology,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

Colossians 2:16-19

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Colossians 2:16-19 kephale,head,source,nourishment,body,growth,heresy,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 15:28

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 15:28 eschatology,subjection,Son,Trinity,EFS,mediatorial kingdom,subordinationism,hypotasso
Theology verse entry

Philippians 2:5-11

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Philippians 2:5-11 kenosis,incarnation,Christ hymn,self-emptying,EFS,Trinity,morphē theou,equality with God,exaltation
Theology verse entry

John 5:18-23

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 5:18-23 Son equal to Father,John 5,EFS,Trinity,divine prerogatives,honor Son as Father,isos,subordinationism
Theology verse entry

John 17:5

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 17:5 pre-incarnate glory,Son,Father,equality,EFS,Trinity,eternal equality,high priestly prayer
Theology greek term

κενόω (kenoō)

to empty; used reflexively of Christ's self-emptying (Phil 2:7)

greek
Theology greek term

φύσις (physis)

nature, custom, natural order

greek
Theology greek term

ὑπακούω (hypakouō)

to listen to, to hearken, to obey

greek
Theology greek term

θεωρέω (theōreō)

to behold, perceive, observe with understanding

greek
Theology greek term

παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi)

to hand over, deliver up, give over

greek
Theology greek term

δικαιόω (dikaioō)

to justify, to declare righteous

greek
Theology greek term

אִשָּׁה (isha)

woman, wife; taken from man (ish); the female human being

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχή (archē)

beginning, origin, source; rule, authority, first cause

greek
Theology greek term

μορφή (morphē)

form, essential nature (Phil 2:6-7)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Rebuttal: women's submission is not ontologically grounded — it is not rooted in women's nature making them inherently submissive.

Mistake #4: Rebutting 'ontologically grounded'

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis ontological grounding nature vs. assignment
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

The Levite analogy: Levites had exclusive priestly roles based on tribal lineage (nature), not ability — yet non-Levites were not less human. Groothuis addresses but does not defeat this.

Mistake #4: Levite analogy against Groothuis

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Levites priestly roles
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

If countless generations under Levitical role restrictions for hundreds of years is acceptable, why would one lifetime of gender-based role differences be dehumanizing?

Mistake #4: Levite analogy continued

Levites nature-based roles temporary vs. permanent
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Additional analogy: only a son of David could be king of Israel — this eliminates most people from the highest authority by nature, yet does not make them less human.

Mistake #4: Davidic kingship analogy

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis nature-based roles Davidic kingship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Israel as God's chosen nation is another example: other nations could not qualify no matter how faithful, yet this does not make them less human.

Mistake #4: Chosen nation analogy

nature-based roles Israel as chosen nation election
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

A possibility Groothuis ignores: role can be associated with nature but not grounded in nature — God assigns roles by association, not by saying one nature is inferior.

Mistake #4: The overlooked possibility

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis associated vs. grounded divine assignment
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Philip Payne's related argument in 'Man and Woman, One in Christ': if we are equal in Christ, we cannot exclude anyone from leadership based on gender.

Mistake #4: Payne's variant of the philosophical argument

Philip Payne Man and Woman, One in Christ equality in Christ
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Mike's rebuttal to Payne: role differences are about God's calling/assignment, not nature or equality in Christ. Payne's logic would make eldership part of what it means to be Christian.

Mistake #4: Rebutting Payne

eldership Philip Payne equality in Christ
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Both Groothuis and Payne's philosophical arguments kill Bible study by leaving only two options: the Bible supports egalitarianism, or the Bible is wrong.

Mistake #4: Conclusion

bypassing scripture Philip Payne biblical authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

1 Timothy 2:12-13 as New Testament commentary on Genesis 2: Paul draws on Adam being formed first as relevant to male-female relationships.

NT support for creation order argument

creation order 1 Tim 2:12-13 Paul
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Schreiner's response to Trible: demanding both 'call' and 'name' is too rigid; the repetition of 'qara' (call) in Gen 2:19-23 links animal naming to Eve's naming.

Complementarian rebuttal on naming formula

Tom Schreiner Phyllis Trible qara
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Genesis 3:16 -- the ultimate debated passage: 'your desire shall be for/contrary to your husband, and he shall rule over you' -- translation differences examined.

Introduction to Genesis 3:16 debate

Gen 3:16 teshukah mashal
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Mike's view: before the fall there was harmonious, tensionless leadership; now the curse introduces conflict -- the solution is alleviating abuse, not eliminating the nature of authority.

Mike's synthesis of Genesis 2-3 on authority

Gen 3:16 Gen 2 post-fall conflict
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Key application: reverse the PAIN of the fall (abuse, domineering, rebellion) but not the NATURE of the relationship (different roles). Fight thorns, not farming; fight abuse, not authority.

Final practical application

voluntary submission reverse pain not nature abuse of authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Grenz's positive case: whoever is a priest should be able to be an elder

After Grenz dismantles the complementarian argument, he builds his own: women are priests, therefore they can be elders.

Discovering Biblical Equality universal priesthood of believers Stanley Grenz
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

The egalitarian move 'prophecy involves teaching, therefore all teaching is acceptable, therefore prophecy equals eldership' blurs God-given distinctions

Mike warns against the slippery-slope reasoning some egalitarians use.

1 Timothy 3 soft complementarianism 1 Timothy 3 prophecy argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Elders govern the church; prophets do not — prophets are not appointed to an ongoing office

Mike contrasts the governing authority of elders with the non-governing nature of prophets.

church governance prophet vs. elder office Bethel Church
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Prophecy is passive in nature — the prophet is not supposed to speak beyond what God gave them

Mike cites Craig Keener in support of this point about the passive nature of prophecy.

2 Samuel 7 David Craig Keener Nathan
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Paul's own practice of restrained authority as a model (2 Corinthians 13:10)

Mike draws a parallel from Paul's apostolic practice.

2 Corinthians 13:10 2 Corinthians 13:10 restrained authority godly authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Aristotle actually distinguishes between reasons for female submission and slave obedience

Mike analyzes Aristotle's actual text on the slavery-marriage connection.

Aristotle Politics (Aristotle) deliberative faculty
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Biblical justifications for wifely submission vs slave obedience are completely different

Mike lists the actual biblical reasons for each and compares them.

Titus 2:5 1 Corinthians 14:34 1 Corinthians 11:3 creation order Titus 2:5 1 Corinthians 14:34
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