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Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2024-09-03

Where Mike Winger Went Wrong on Women

Comprehensive response to the entire Mike Winger Women in Ministry video series (Parts 1-13)

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-10

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: “Women Keep Silent” (1 Cor 14:34–35)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 11 on 'women keep silent' in 1 Corinthians 14:34-35

1 Cor 14:35-36 1 Cor. 14:21 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2023-01-19

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: The Head Covering Debates (1 Cor 11)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 10 on the head covering debates in 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2015-04-10

Did Jesus guard the communion table?

In our discussion of Jesus, Judas, and the first communion, a Calvinist pointed me to an article by a Calvinist author. The article was said to refute the idea that Judas was commanded to partake of the first Lord’s Supper.

1 Corinthians 11:18 1 Corinthians 11:20 1 Corinthians 11:20–21 Soteriology Calvinism Communion
Scripture Commentary article 2008-12-01

Do Egalitarians Twist The Scriptures

The charge is often laid that egalitarians twist the scriptures. I would like to apply a saying that I read recently

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 14:34 1 Corinthians 7:36 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 14
Scripture Commentary article 2008-06-16

Authority And Created Order

In this fourth part of my response to Matt Slick’s article called “Genesis 2, Adam and Eve, and Authority” , I am going to deal directly with Matt’s comments regarding authority and created order. Matt writes:

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2 Genesis & Creation Authority & Submission
Scripture Commentary article 2008-05-17

Woman Representative

This post is an answer to Matt Slicks article called “1 Timothy 2:9-15 “a woman” is representative of all women as “a man”represents all men”

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Timothy 2
Scripture Commentary article 2007-08-17

Are Womens Gifts Secondary

Last post we referenced 1 Corinthians 12:7 teaching us that the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good of the body of Christ. But are women’s gifts somehow secondary

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 6:3 Spiritual Gifts Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2007-08-03

Is Short Hair A Sin For A Woman

Continuing on with our verse by verse discussion through the section of 1 Corinthians 11 about women, we come to verse 13:

1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:15 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-07-28

Interdependence In The Lord

In our verse by verse through 1 Corinthians 11, we now come to verse 11:

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-27

1 Corinthians 113 And Head

In the last post I summarized the foundational points from chapter 10 that is necessary to the understanding of chapter 11. If you haven’t read it already, it can be read by clicking here

1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8 1 Corinthians 11 Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-23

#More 110

One question that was posed to me last week was on 1 Corinthians 11:9 regarding the creation of woman for the man. Does this mean that the woman is somehow inferior to the man because she was created for him

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-23

Why Was The Woman Created For The Man

One question that was posed to me last week was on 1 Corinthians 11:9 regarding the creation of woman for the man. Does this mean that the woman is somehow inferior to the man because she was created for him

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:7 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-16

Paul And The Head From 1 Corinthians 11

1 Corinthians 11 has been a hotly disputed passage regarding the meaning of “head”

1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:12 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11 Headship & Kephale Adam & Eve
Scripture Commentary article 2007-05-02

1 Corinthians 11 And Paul

1 Corinthians 11 has been a difficult passage because of several elements that have been hard to interpret. Some of the disputed elements are the meaning of “head” in verse 3, whether head coverings are necessary in verse 5, the woman being the glory of the man in verse 7, the reference to angels i

1 Corinthians 11:10 1 Corinthians 11:14 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2007-04-17

Is God Male

Is God male in some way. Many Christians think that he is

1 Corinthians 11:12 Ephesians 3:14 Isaiah 66:13 1 Corinthians 11 Genesis & Creation
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-10-31

@imaso001 @smashbaals Head can mean the one who is in charge, but it has other meanings to do with prominence or first or protruding, or source or origin. From the context, Paul is not meaning authority of one gender over another as this is very cle...

@imaso001 @smashbaals Head can mean the one who is in charge, but it has other meanings to do with prominence or first or protruding, or source or origin. From the context, Paul is not meaning author

1 Cor 11:11-12 1 Corinthians 11:11 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-10-14

@JakobFel @BenZeisloft @smashbaals No, that’s not it either. But you are right it’s in the context. Here’s the ISV: 1 Corinthians 11:14–15 (ISV): “Nature itself teaches you **NEITHER** that it is disgraceful for a man to have long hair **NOR** tha...

@JakobFel @BenZeisloft @smashbaals No, that’s not it either. But you are right it’s in the context. Here’s the ISV: 1 Corinthians 11:14–15 (ISV): “Nature itself teaches you **NEITHER** that it is d

1 Corinthians 11:14 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-10-14

@DavePosMil @smashbaals What…this Bible? 1 Corinthians 11:14–15 (ISV): “Nature

@DavePosMil @smashbaals What…this Bible? 1 Corinthians 11:14–15 (ISV): “Nature itself teaches you **NEITHER** that it is disgraceful for a man to have long hair **NOR** that hair is a woman’s glory,

1 Corinthians 11:14 question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-08-22

@pauldirks @KaeleyT In this lecture you also refer to the following verse: 1 Corinthians 11:10 (NASB 2020): “Therefore the woman should have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.” However, “a symbol of” is not in the Greek. The...

@pauldirks @KaeleyT In this lecture you also refer to the following verse: 1 Corinthians 11:10 (NASB 2020): “Therefore the woman should have a symbol of authority on her head, because of the angels.”

1 Cor 6:2-3 1 Corinthians 11:10 debate
Theology verse entry

Ephesians 5:18-33

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Ephesians 5:18-33 mutual submission,kephale,source,marriage,kenosis,Spirit-filled,husbands love,wives submit,egalitarian,hupotasso,allelon,household code,head-body metaphor,agapao,self-sacrifice,great mystery,Christ and church,one flesh
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 11:10-16

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 11:10-16 exousia,woman authority,angels,interdependence,mutual dependence,egalitarian,hair,covering,creation order,corrective,in the Lord
Theology verse entry

Genesis 2:10

Sections: cross_references, exegesis

Genesis 2:10 rosh,headwater,source,rivers,Eden,kephale background,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 10:16-22

Sections: exegesis

1 Corinthians 10:16-22 communion,Lord's supper,body of Christ,participation,koinonia,idol worship,table of demons
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 11:17-34

Sections: cross_references, exegesis

1 Corinthians 11:17-34 communion,Lord's supper,discerning the body,love feast,agape,judgment,selfishness,corporate worship
Theology verse entry

Joel 2:28-29

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Joel 2:28-29 prophecy,Spirit outpouring,daughters,women prophets,Pentecost,egalitarian,Joel,Acts 2,Peter sermon,last days
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 15:28

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 15:28 eschatology,subjection,Son,Trinity,EFS,mediatorial kingdom,subordinationism,hypotasso
Theology greek term

ἐξουσία (exousia)

authority, right, power

greek
Theology greek term

κοινωνία (koinonia)

sharing, participation, fellowship, communion

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Four reasons why 1 Corinthians 11 must be about Christian worship gatherings, not just public places

Mike gives detailed reasons for rejecting MacArthur's reading.

John MacArthur 1 Corinthians 11:16 John MacArthur 1 Corinthians 11:16 church gathering context
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Broader context of 1 Corinthians 11-14 confirms it is about gathered worship: Lord's Supper and spiritual gifts in church

Mike appeals to the wider literary context to confirm his reading.

1 Corinthians 11:17-34 1 Corinthians 12-14 1 Corinthians 14:3-4 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 1 Corinthians 12-14 1 Corinthians 14:3-4
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

'Because of the angels' is a peripheral question, not central to understanding the passage

Mike previews that many scholars spend too little time on application and too much on peripheral debates.

1 Corinthians 11:10 because of the angels 1 Corinthians 11:10 head covering movement
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's third argument: 'because of the angels' (verse 10)

Mike briefly introduces this peripheral but hotly debated phrase.

1 Corinthians 11:10 because of the angels 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Verses 11-12: mutual dependence balances headship -- not refutation but nuance

Mike explains the 'however' of verses 11-12 in the traditional view.

Ephesians 5 1 Peter 3 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Ephesians 5 1 Peter 3 1 Corinthians 11:11-12
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's fourth argument: nature gives women long hair as a covering (verses 13-15)

Mike explains the argument from nature for head coverings.

1 Corinthians 11:13-15 1 Corinthians 11:13-15 physis nature argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's fifth argument: universal church custom (verse 16)

Mike explains the appeal to all churches practicing head coverings.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:16 universal church practice Roman Catholic
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne on verse 10: the woman has authority (exousia), not under authority

Mike presents Payne's egalitarian reading of the authority verse.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:10 exousia
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne on verses 11-12: Paul repudiates hierarchy of man over woman

Mike presents how Payne makes the passage actively egalitarian.

1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Philip Payne egalitarianism 1 Corinthians 11:11-12
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's pivotal claim: verse 15 shows hair done up IS the covering (not analogy)

Mike explains Payne's hinge interpretation of verse 15.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:15 peribolaion
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener on verse 10: the authority belongs to the woman, not someone over her

Mike presents Keener's strongest egalitarian claim about verse 10.

1 Corinthians 11:10 Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:10 exousia
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Push back on kephale as 'source': even if source, it still implies authority; verses 11-12 prove too much

Mike addresses two independent problems with the source interpretation.

Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11:11-12 Philip Payne kephale Ephesians 5
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Greek word analysis: anti in verse 15 means equivalence, not replacement

Mike examines the Greek preposition debate in verse 15.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Romans 12:17 1 Thessalonians 5:15 1 Corinthians 11:15 Alan Padgett anti
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Why verse 15 is an analogy: four reasons supporting the traditional cloth covering view

Mike builds his case that Paul is making an analogy, not an identification.

1 Corinthians 11:5-6 1 Corinthians 11:15 1 Corinthians 11:5-6 analogy argument 1 Corinthians 11:15
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's view causes the passage to lose logical flow

Mike shows structural problems with the hair-up interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:15 Philip Payne 1 Corinthians 11:15 logical flow
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Religious context: Romans covered heads during worship, prayer, prophecy, and sacrifice

Mike identifies the most significant and most neglected cultural background.

1 Corinthians 11:4-5 1 Corinthians 11:13 1 Corinthians 11:4-5 Roman religious practices prayer and prophecy context
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Synthesis of cultural evidence: Paul preserves gender-role meaning of coverings against both rich women and Roman ritual practices

Mike draws together all cultural background evidence.

1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 1 Corinthians 11:2 1 Corinthians 11:17 cultural synthesis
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 6: What does Paul want women to do? Wear coverings for headship, creation order, and universal custom

Mike applies conclusions to women's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Verse 9 is the weak spot for egalitarianism: no decent interpretation exists

Mike draws his conclusion on the decisive question.

1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:11 1 Corinthians 11:9 1 Corinthians 11:11 egalitarian failure
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 8: What does 'nature' (physis) mean in verse 14?

Mike examines the meaning of Paul's appeal to nature.

1 Corinthians 11:14 F.F. Bruce Plutarch physis
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