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Scripture Commentary article 2024-03-27

Head Coverings in the Ancient Mediterranean: Research Clippings

Research clippings from Craig Keener's Dictionary of New Testament Background article on head coverings, with supplementary sources. Documents the cultural background of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, showing that head coverings were tied to marital modesty, class status, and regional customs rather than a universal creation ordinance.

1 Cor 11:14–15 1 Cor 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2018-01-04

How does God harden a man’s heart?

How does God harden a man’s heart? We know that God can and does harden hearts because the Bible tells us this, but how and why does God choose to do this? And if all people are created with pre-hardened hearts as some suggest, then why is it necessary for God to harden a man’s heart? Let’s consider...

2 Chronicles 18:18–22 2 Thessalonians 2:9-12 2 Timothy 3:9 Soteriology Calvinism God's Sovereignty
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-07

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Part 4: 1 Timothy 2 Deception & the First Created

[Music] 1 Timothy Chapter 2 has been a difficult passage for Bible interpreters because of several hard to understand verses yet while Paul's reasoning is thought to be somewhat obscure this chapter has been seen by some as the clearest passage that says when women are not allowed to teach or to hav...

1 Timothy 1:13 1 Timothy 2:1 1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2 Adam & Eve Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-04-29

Why Let Women Lead Bible Studies

CBMW (Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood) has set itself up as a go-to organization for those complementarians who have not been able to figure out from the Bible which things are allowable for women and which things are not. But does their counsel exceed the Bible

Hebrews 14 1 Corinthians 14 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2009-06-15

Semigalitariansim And Feminist Air

When does explaining God’s Word make one an enemy of the church. According to Mike Seaver, a woman who is allowed to teach the Word of God to men, even if she is under the authority of her husband and even if she has received authority from her pastor to teach the Bible (and assuming her pastor is m

1 Corinthians 14:23 1 Corinthians 14:24 1 Corinthians 14:31 1 Timothy 2 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2008-11-07

Modern Myths About The Titus 2 Woman

When the issue of women in ministry is brought up, one of the scripture passages that is used as a slam-dunk women-must-stay-in-the-home passage is Titus 2:3-5. Is this passage really about women restricted to the area of the home with cooking, cleaning and raising children, or are women allowed by

1 Timothy 3:11 1 Timothy 5:14 Esther 2 Authority & Submission Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2008-10-02

Let Her Learnor Not

In our continuing discussion of 1 Corinthians 14:34-36, we come to the problematic area of learning

1 Corinthians 14:31 1 Corinthians 14:34 1 Corinthians 14:34-36 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2008-09-24

Forbid Not

Paul said something profound in 1 Corinthians 14:39 that goes against the grain of the hierarchical mindset. Paul said “forbid not to speak…”

1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:20 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-06-05

Something to note is that in Judaism, you will observe that all men have to cove

Something to note is that in Judaism, you will observe that all men have to cover their heads when praying or reading Torah. Why does Paul say that doing this—covering one’s head while doing these thi

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-13

@peace_got @JollyStine @CharmyRosewolf @JoanBandy @pastherandie @MikeWingerii I see. In the Talmud says that the testimony of a woman has very little acceptance. No wonder they’d pick Mordecai. Here’s a quote from the Talmud in Sota 20a: “Rabbi Eli...

@peace_got @JollyStine @CharmyRosewolf @JoanBandy @pastherandie @MikeWingerii I see. In the Talmud says that the testimony of a woman has very little acceptance. No wonder they’d pick Mordecai. Here’

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-01-04

@Nathanor582613 @WomnOfValor Thanks for the comment. - Paul is clearly responding to the letter from the Corinthians (see 1 Cor 7:1). Since there are no quotes in the original manuscripts, how do we know where Paul is quoting? - Paul refers to the l...

@Nathanor582613 @WomnOfValor Thanks for the comment. - Paul is clearly responding to the letter from the Corinthians (see 1 Cor 7:1). Since there are no quotes in the original manuscripts, how do we

1 Cor 7:1 commentary
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-08-16

@BogdanOancea77 1. No There’s no evidence that I’m aware of that women were allowed to read Torah in first century synagogues. Teaching and preaching would be from the Torah and the reasons for not hearing a woman’s voice in this context is it coul...

@BogdanOancea77 1. No There’s no evidence that I’m aware of that women were allowed to read Torah in first century synagogues. Teaching and preaching would be from the Torah and the reasons for not

commentary
Theology verse entry

Proverbs 31:10-31

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Proverbs 31:10-31 excellent wife,wisdom,commerce,public teaching,economic independence,egalitarian,women leadership
Theology verse entry

Galatians 5:1-6

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Galatians 5:1-6 circumcision,freedom,bondage,yoke,faith working through love,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 14:33-37

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 14:33-37 interpolation,textual criticism,silence,quotation,Western text,women speaking,women silent,Corinthian quotation,oral law,Pharisees,rhetorical refutation,eta particle,women in ministry,egalitarian,complementarian debate
Theology verse entry

2 Kings 22:14-20

Sections: exegesis

2 Kings 22:14-20 huldah,prophetess,women leadership,josiah,book of the law
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Jew/Gentile distinctions continued after conversion: Jews kept the law, Gentiles did not

Mike demonstrates that the Jew/Gentile pair retained functional differences in the early church.

Acts 10 Acts 15 1 Corinthians 7:18-20 Peter Acts 10 Jew/Gentile distinctions
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Aimee Byrd claims Huldah canonized the Torah by her prophecy — Mike calls this utterly ridiculous stretching.

Example of egalitarian over-reaching

Huldah Aimee Byrd Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Huldah delivers a powerful prophetic word to King Josiah about judgment on Jerusalem and mercy on him personally.

Reading Huldah's prophecy in 2 Kings 22

2 Kings 22:15-20 Huldah Aimee Byrd Torah canonization
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 2: Women have no restrictions on learning

Mike notes that Paul's instruction actually preserves women's right to pursue knowledge.

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 women's education Jewish education debates
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Pharisee fence analogy: how far do we extend rules about gender roles?

Mike uses the Pharisees' approach to Sabbath rules as an analogy.

Pharisees Sabbath analogy fence around the Torah
Mike Winger idea 2023-11-22

Let a woman learn: the revolutionary positive command

Mike emphasizes that 1 Tim 2:11 ('let a woman learn') is a radical affirmation of women's right to theological education.

1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:11 women's education ancient Judaism
Mike Winger idea 2018-02-21

Orthodox Jews — who observe the law far more strictly than JWs — permit blood transfusions and even organize blood drives, refuting the JW interpretation.

Mike uses Orthodox Jewish practice as an authoritative comparative example to undermine the Watchtower's reading of the OT blood laws.

blood transfusion eating blood prohibition Mosaic law applicability
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Psalm 22: David was not a prophet? Mike rebuts and notes Psalm 22 clearly speaks of future events

Ra argues Psalm 22 is not messianic because (1) David was not a prophet, (2) the Psalms are in the 'writings' section not the 'prophets,' and (3) David never experienced anything like what's described

Psalm 22 Messianic prophecy Psalm 22 David as prophet
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-12

Zahnd claims the Bible contradicts itself and that the Psalms/Prophets argue against the Torah — both claims are false

Winger examines Zahnd's step three: neutralizing the Bible's authority by claiming it is not univocal and contains internal theological debates.

Psalm-40 Hosea-6-6 Hebrews-10 hermeneutics apologetics false-teaching
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-12

Hebrews 10 and Mark 1:44 show that Jesus fulfilled the sacrificial system rather than rejecting or editing it

Winger addresses Zahnd's claim that Jesus 'picked a side' against sacrifice and against the Torah.

Psalm-40 Hebrews-10 Mark-1-44 atonement apologetics Jesus
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-20

Acts 21:17-26 — Paul participates in a Nazirite vow to demonstrate continued Torah observance as a Jewish believer

Q&A: question about Paul's behavior in Acts 21 and what it tells us about his relationship to Torah.

Romans 14 James (brother of Jesus) Acts 21:17-26 circumcision Nazirite vow Romans 14
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Ben Shapiro's actual question: he observes 613 commandments and does good in the world — does that earn him heaven?

Mike carefully scopes Ben's question to exclude 'those who have never heard the gospel'

salvation Ben Shapiro 613 commandments
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Romans 4:1-5 — Abraham justified by faith, not works, citing Genesis 15:6

Mike uses Abraham as the foundational Old Testament example of faith-based justification

Genesis 15:6 Romans 4:1-5 justification by faith Abraham imputed righteousness
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

The New Testament is a Jewish book written by Jews about the Jewish Messiah

Mike contextualizes the gospel for Ben as a Jewish person

Romans 11 Torah Tanakh Nevi'im
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

John 5:45-47 — if you believed Moses you would believe me: encountering Jesus reveals whether one truly believed Moses

Mike addresses the logical question: what about Ben, who has heard of Jesus but rejected him?

John 5:45-47 revelation Moses parables Torah
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Christianity is a Jewish religion; Gentiles are grafted in — not the other way around

Mike speaks directly to the Jewish identity of Christianity

Romans 11 Messianic Judaism grafted in Romans 11
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Introduction: Hebrew Roots Movement defined as mostly Gentile believers who think they should obey the Law of Moses

Opening of the video; Mike explains he surveyed his audience for topic requests and this won the most votes.

Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses Torah
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Hebrew Roots Movement is not monolithic — four distinct subgroups identified along a spectrum from optional Torah-keeping to rejecting Jesus entirely

Mike breaks down the internal diversity within the movement to caution against a single label.

Torah observance Hebrew Roots Movement Salvation by works
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

119 Ministries asks "can truth become not-truth?" — Mike identifies this as a misleading question that conflates truthfulness with universal applicability

Mike quotes and critiques a rhetorical question 119 Ministries poses to destabilize the traditional Christian position.

Paul rejection 119 Ministries Rhetorical manipulation
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Mike gives five arguments for why Jesus is not the Bible

Systematic refutation of the 119 Ministries claim that Jesus = the written Word.

John 1 Malachi Moses Torah Logos
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

119 Ministries uses Hebrews to argue Jesus does not change, therefore the Bible does not change, therefore you must obey OT law — Mike dissects this logical chain

Mike traces the logical steps of 119 Ministries from the immutability of Christ to the conclusion that Torah-observance is mandatory.

Hebrews 13:8 Genesis 12 Abraham 119 Ministries Old Testament application
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

119 Ministries: "you cannot choose which parts of the Messiah you like" — Mike critiques this as circular reasoning that makes Torah-rejection equivalent to rejecting Jesus

Mike plays a clip where 119 Ministries equates partial Torah-rejection with rejecting part of the Messiah himself.

Torah Paul rejection 119 Ministries
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

1 John 3:4 — "sin is lawlessness" — Hebrew Roots argument: lawlessness = breaking Torah, therefore sin = breaking Torah, therefore obeying Torah is mandatory

Mike walks through the Hebrew Roots syllogism built on 1 John 3:4 in step-by-step form.

1 John 3:4 Law of Moses Torah Equivocation fallacy
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Greek term anomia (lawlessness) does not exclusively mean violation of the Mosaic law — it has diverse NT usage

Mike makes a focused philological argument about the Greek word anomia.

1 John 3:4 Equivocation fallacy 1 John 3:4 Anomia
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

John 15: the commandment of Jesus is to love one another as he loved us — Mike applies this to the "walk as he walked" question

Mike reads John 15:12 as further confirmation that the commandment Jesus gives is love, not Torah-keeping.

John 15:10-12 Love command Commandments of Jesus Walking as Jesus walked
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

The Hebrew Roots Movement tends to involve a progressive radicalization through increasingly extreme positions

Mike describes what he observes as a typical trajectory for people who enter the Hebrew Roots Movement.

Torah observance Hebrew Roots Movement Paul rejection
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

119 Ministries contradicts itself: early they say Torah-keeping is not required for salvation; later they imply it is, calling non-observance "denying the faith"

Mike plays two clips from 119 Ministries showing an internal contradiction between their opening disclaimer and their later conclusion.

1 John 2 Torah observance Salvation by works Apostasy
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Torah-observant Christians who hold sola fide — Mike's gracious but firm assessment

Q&A question: what about Torah-observant believers who genuinely hold that salvation is by grace through faith alone?

Torah observance Gentile believers Sola fide
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Jewish believers and Torah: Paul's principle "let him who is circumcised not seek to be uncircumcised" — Mike gives leeway to Jewish Christians observing Torah

Mike distinguishes between Jewish and Gentile believers in his pastoral response to Torah-observance.

1 Corinthians 7 Paul 1 Corinthians 7 Torah observance
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Hebrew Roots claim that most believers secretly have Jewish ancestry — Mike dismisses this as convenient and self-serving

Q&A: questioner relays that her Hebrew Roots friends claim most people have Jewish ancestry they are unaware of, which is why the law applies to them.

Torah observance Hebrew Roots Movement Jewish ancestry claim
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Leviticus 24:22 — "same rule for sojourner and native" does not require Gentile Torah-observance; it is case law about judicial fairness in civil punishments

Q&A: questioner asks about Leviticus 24:22 and Zechariah 14:16 as texts allegedly requiring Gentiles to keep OT law.

Leviticus 24:22 Zechariah 14:16 Leviticus 24:22 Zechariah 14:16 Sojourner
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Zechariah 14:16 — Feast of Tabernacles observance by nations does not mean those nations are under the law

Follow-up point on the same Q&A question about Gentiles under OT law.

Zechariah 14:16 Passover Zechariah 14:16 Gentile Torah-observance
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Preview of next week: Acts 15 and Pauline passages; warning to Hebrew Roots adherents to separate from those who deny salvation by grace

Closing remarks and preview of future videos in the series.

Acts 15 Acts 15 Hebrew Roots Movement 119 Ministries
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