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Scripture Commentary article 2025-08-04

Women In Ministry Research Notes

Collection of 22 research notes from Cheryl Schatz's Logos notebook on women in ministry, covering head coverings in 1 Corinthians 11, kephale as source, Genesis creation narratives, Ephesians 5 mutual submission, and Craig Keener's lecture notes on women's ordination.

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Tim 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:21 Ephesians 5 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 11
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART B)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part B)

1 Chronicles 29:6 1 Corinthians 12:21 1 Corinthians 15:32 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2019-12-26

Jesus, Justice, and Gender Roles: A Case for Gender Roles in Ministry (Fresh Perspectives on Women in Ministry)

Kathy Keller — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 6 highlights.

1 Timothy 2:11-12 1 Timothy 5:17–18 Luke 4:24 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2017-06-08

Women in Ministry Silenced or Set Free? Parts 5-7: 1 Corinthians 14, 1 Timothy 3, Galatians 3:28

[Music] the women are to keep silent in the churches for they are not permitted to speak but are to subject themselves just as the law also says if they desire to learn anything let them ask their own husbands at home for it is improper for a woman to speak in church 1 Corinthians 14 has been a diff...

1 Corinthians 14:12 1 Corinthians 14:13 1 Corinthians 14:26 1 Corinthians 14 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2010-07-28

Place Of Master By Law

The Bible records a law that requires men to take the place of sole master in the home. We find this law in the book of Esther chapter 1 verse 22

1 Peter 2:12 1 Peter 3:16 1 Timothy 5:14 Authority & Submission Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2009-05-13

Paul Women Pastors 8

This is the eighth in a series of simulated interviews with the Apostle Paul taken from the position of what he might say if we could transport Paul from the New Testament account through a time tunnel into our present day

1 Timothy 3:1 1 Timothy 3:1-7 1 Timothy 3:2 Women in Leadership Complementarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2008-11-07

Modern Myths About The Titus 2 Woman

When the issue of women in ministry is brought up, one of the scripture passages that is used as a slam-dunk women-must-stay-in-the-home passage is Titus 2:3-5. Is this passage really about women restricted to the area of the home with cooking, cleaning and raising children, or are women allowed by

1 Timothy 3:11 1 Timothy 5:14 Esther 2 Authority & Submission Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-01-31

@seditiouslibel2 @rightresponsem Where are you getting this idea that a woman is

@seditiouslibel2 @rightresponsem Where are you getting this idea that a woman is unfit to lead her family? Haven’t you read 1 Timothy 5? https://t.co/o5lskFF6pv

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-10-03

@DickSaban1 @Peacemaker811 @PubliusJosephus But Paul talks about married women "managing" their households: “Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, have children, manage their households, and give the enemy no opportunity for reproach” (1 T...

@DickSaban1 @Peacemaker811 @PubliusJosephus But Paul talks about married women "managing" their households: “Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, have children, manage their households, an

1 Timothy 5:14 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-09-15

@ortrails @trulyheisrisen @goteamcarr Where are these specific complementary roles defined in scripture? Take a look at this statement: “Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, have children, manage their households, and give the enemy no o...

@ortrails @trulyheisrisen @goteamcarr Where are these specific complementary roles defined in scripture? Take a look at this statement: “Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, have children

1 Timothy 5:14 question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-06-27

@biblepatriarchy @William_E_Wolfe Being strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus does not mean to rebuke strongly. In fact he was told NOT to rebuke older men harshly. 1 Timothy 5:1–2 (NIV): “Do not rebuke an older man harshly, but exhort him as...

@biblepatriarchy @William_E_Wolfe Being strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus does not mean to rebuke strongly. In fact he was told NOT to rebuke older men harshly. 1 Timothy 5:1–2 (NIV): “Do

1 Timothy 5:1 debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-06-24

@TomBuck These are idioms for the same thing, marital faithfulness. However, wh

@TomBuck These are idioms for the same thing, marital faithfulness. However, what you have in 1 Timothy 5 is it is referring to widows. In 1 Tim 3, the male gender is used but v11 says “Women likewi

debate
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 2:11-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Timothy 2:11-15 specific woman,deception,authenteo,grammar,perfect tense,future tense,anaphoric,egalitarian,ephesus,teknogonia,singular plural,historical perfect,verbal aspect,paul as pattern
Theology verse entry

Titus 2:3-5

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Titus 2:3-5 older women,teaching,presbutidas,domestic myths,egalitarian,women in ministry
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 5:14

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Timothy 5:14 oikodespotein,household ruler,women authority,younger widows,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 3:1-4

Sections: greek_analysis

1 Timothy 3:1-4 elder,overseer,pastor,qualifications,women,tis,husband-of-one-wife,polygamy
Theology verse entry

Genesis 3:14-19

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Genesis 3:14-19 fall,curse,consequences,serpent,Eve,Adam,pain,thorns,death,not prescriptive,protoevangelium,seed of the woman,Messiah,teknogonia,desire,rule,teshuqah,mashal,egalitarian,complementarian,patriarchy
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 2:8-10

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Timothy 2:8-10 prayer,men,women,anger,dissension,modesty,good works,kosmios,sophrosyne,aidos,likewise,Ephesus,false teaching,egalitarian,plural to singular transition
Theology verse entry

Romans 12:4-8

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Romans 12:4-8 spiritual gifts,charismata,body of Christ,teaching,leading,proistemi,no gender restriction,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 5:21

Sections: exegesis

1 Timothy 5:21 bias,partiality,leaders,impartiality,egalitarian
Theology greek term

τεκνογονία (teknogonia)

the childbearing

greek
Theology greek term

οἰκοδεσποτεῖν (oikodespotein)

to rule the household, to be master of the house

greek
Theology greek term

προΐστημι (proistemi)

to lead, to manage, to be over, to care for

greek
Theology greek term

φλύαρος (phluaros)

talker of nonsense, gossip (but not idle chatter — more accurately: trafficker in foolishness)

greek
Theology greek term

οἰκοδεσποτέω (oikodespoteo)

to rule the household, to be master of the house, to manage the home

greek
Theology greek term

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

greek
Theology greek term

ἀργός (argos)

idle, inactive, useless; also the eighth astrological house (house of death)

greek
Theology greek term

περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας (perierchomenai tas oikias)

going about from house to house (1 Tim 5:13); possibly alludes to astrological house-progressions

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's case for women elders from 1 Timothy 5:9-10 (enrolled widows)

Mike examines Belleville's argument that enrolled widows were functioning as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 Linda Belleville elder presbuteros
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's claim that widow requirements parallel elder qualifications -- they don't

Mike addresses Belleville's second argument for widows as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 1 Timothy 3 Linda Belleville 1 Timothy 5:9-10 elder qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's third argument: enrolled widows were paid for ministry like elders -- refuted

Mike addresses the compensation argument.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 Linda Belleville 1 Timothy 5:9-10 enrolled widows
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

1 Timothy 5:1-2: 'older women' does not mean women elders; equivocation fallacy

Mike addresses another passage sometimes cited for women elders.

1 Timothy 3 1 Timothy 5:1-2 presbuteros equivocation fallacy 1 Timothy 3
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 12: What does 'because of the angels' mean? Four views evaluated

Mike evaluates the four main interpretive options for this phrase.

1 Peter 1 Corinthians 11:10 Genesis 6:2 1 Peter 1 Corinthians 11:10 angelic observers
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Three areas of women's authority: (2) managing the household — 1 Timothy 5:14

Mike identifies household management as a domain of women's authority.

1 Timothy 5:14 1 Timothy 5:14 oikodespoteo household management
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

What distinguishes an elder from a non-elder: teaching AND having authority

Mike identifies the distinguishing marks of the elder role.

1 Timothy 3:2 1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 5:17 1 Timothy 3:2 1 Timothy 2:12 teaching with authority
Mike Winger idea 2023-11-22

View 4: Saved through proper female roles (Douglas Moo's preferred view)

Mike presents Moo's view that childbearing represents the broader female role, and salvation attends faithful role-fulfillment.

1 Timothy 5:14 1 Timothy 2:15 1 Timothy 5:10 1 Timothy 5:14 Douglas Moo Tom Schreiner
Mike Winger idea 2019-03-20

1 Timothy 5:18 quotes Luke 10:7 alongside Deuteronomy 25:4 and calls both 'Scripture'

The author of 1 Timothy introduces two quotations with 'the Scripture says' — one from the OT and one from Luke 10:7 — implying canonical status for Gospel material in the first century.

Deuteronomy 25:4 Luke 10:7 1 Timothy 5:18 Deuteronomy 25:4 Luke 10:7 laborer deserves wages
Mike Winger idea 2019-02-13

Tithing is an Old Testament concept; Christians are required to give but not mandated to a 10% figure

Viewer asking Mike to reconcile his teaching that the tithe is not required with the obligation to give

1 Timothy 5 Mosaic law New Covenant tithing
Mike Winger idea 2020-10-02

Paying a discipler is wrong; a paywall on discipleship disqualifies the discipler

Question from Blake about someone offering to disciple him for payment

Acts 2:42 1 Timothy 5:18 Luke 8:3 Paul Acts 2:42 1 Timothy 5:18
Mike Winger idea 2021-02-12

Q9: Why did Paul permit Timothy to drink wine (1 Tim 5:23) if Timothy was under a Nazirite vow? Mike doubts Timothy was under such a vow

Viewer 'Christian Metal Head' asks about the apparent tension between Paul's instruction to drink wine and the Nazirite vow restrictions.

1 Timothy 5:23 Numbers 6:1-4 Timothy Samson Christian liberty
Mike Winger idea 2021-02-12

Drinking alcohol is not inherently sinful; drunkenness is sinful — attempts to argue 1 Tim 5:23 wine is non-alcoholic are dismissed

Mike closes the wine/vow question by addressing broader debates about alcohol in Christianity.

1 Timothy 5:23 Christian liberty drunkenness 1 Timothy 5:23
Mike Winger idea 2020-09-28

The claim "it's always God's will to heal sickness" is arbitrary — the apostles themselves suffered illness (Timothy's stomach issues, Trophimus left sick, Epaphroditus nearly died) while doing miracles.

Refuting the Word of Faith claim that sickness is never God's will

2 Timothy 4:20 1 Timothy 5:23 1 Peter 4:19 thorn in the flesh 2 Timothy 4:20 Word of Faith
Mike Winger idea 2025-05-02

A Judgment for Widows?: What is the judgment put on widows in 1 Timothy 5: 12, and how do we know we can change course without judgment? Does it apply to keeping an unchanging devotion time with God? My goals can get legalistic.

Q&A question: A Judgment for Widows?

1 Timothy 5 Timothy 1 Timothy 5
Mike Winger idea 2026-01-02

Marriage, Heaven & Vows: Regarding 1 Timothy 5: 11-12, if there is no marriage in Heaven, and when a spouse dies we’re free to remarry, how then does a young widow break her first vow?

Q&A question: Marriage, Heaven & Vows

1 Timothy 5 Timothy marriage 1 Timothy 5
Pulpit sermon 2019-09-01

Women in Ministry - Prof Craig Keener

Paul's letters stand at the centre of the dispute over women's role in church ministry, with each side of the dispute championing texts from the Apostle. How do we understand the text in 1 Corinthians 14 where Paul instructs women to be silent, or the 1 Timothy 2 passage where women are forbidden to teach or exercise authority over men? Are these texts addressing a specific cultural situation or should they be treated as universal prohibitions? Craig Keener delved deeply into the world of Paul and wrestled with these thorny texts in his book [*Paul, Women and Wives: Marriage and Women's Ministry in the Letters of Paul*](/library/25) (Hendrikson, 1992). In a public lecture at Laidlaw's Henderson campus in September 2019, Professor Keener looked at the arguments for both sides of the question: 'are women allowed to be in ministry?', and the approaches various theologians and church traditions have taken throughout the centuries. He gave insights into the culture at the time Paul wrote his letters, and of the way false teachers were targeting women. He notes the importance of considering the original situation of Paul's letters, and that Paul does affirm women's ministry which helps us to see that Paul himself did not prohibit women from teaching the Bible always.

Exodus 15 Numbers 2 Kings 22-23 Women in Ministry Complementarianism egalitarianism