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Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Groothuis's rebuttal that prophets had more authority than Levites is a red herring — Levites were the regular, widespread spiritual authorities throughout Israel.

Mistake #4: Levite analogy — responding to Groothuis's counter

Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Levites prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Extending the analogy: church authority has been abused, boss-employee relationships have been abusive — should we abolish all authority structures?

Mistake #5: Rebuttal via analogy continued

authority structures Ed Citronelli church abuse
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville claims female apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelists; Craig Keener agrees women held prominent roles

Mike continues presenting egalitarian scholarly claims.

Linda Belleville women apostles Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Preview of upcoming topics: apostles, universal priesthood, prophecy, spiritual gifts, NT Wright's arguments

Mike previews what will be covered in part 5.

women apostles N.T. Wright women prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Craig Keener's argument: Deborah as an Old Testament apostle equivalent

Mike addresses Keener's claim linking Deborah to apostleship.

Judges Deborah Judges Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Jesus is the new Moses, not the apostles

Mike rebuts the Moses-apostle equivalence.

Deuteronomy 18 Moses Jesus as new Moses Deuteronomy 18
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Better equivalence: women prophets in OT lead to women prophets in NT, not women apostles

Mike argues the egalitarian logic fails on its own terms.

hermeneutical methodology OT-NT equivalence women prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Survey of women who prophesied in the Bible: Miriam, Huldah, Deborah, Isaiah's wife, Anna, Philip's four daughters

Mike establishes that women clearly prophesied throughout the Bible, both in the OT and NT.

Isaiah's wife Luke 2 Acts 21:9 Deborah women prophesying Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Complementarian claim that women only prophesied privately is an error

Some complementarians argue women had private prophetic revelation but never prophesied publicly.

Deborah Huldah Barak
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Anna prophesied publicly at the temple to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem (Luke 2:36-38)

Mike presents Anna as another example of public, mixed-gender prophetic speech.

Luke 2:36-38 women prophesying Anna Luke 2:36-38
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Important qualifiers: context, frequency, and whether a woman is functionally serving as an elder matter

Mike adds nuance about when teaching from a woman might cross a line.

functional eldership women teaching
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

The egalitarian move 'prophecy involves teaching, therefore all teaching is acceptable, therefore prophecy equals eldership' blurs God-given distinctions

Mike warns against the slippery-slope reasoning some egalitarians use.

1 Timothy 3 soft complementarianism 1 Timothy 3 prophecy argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Elders govern the church; prophets do not — prophets are not appointed to an ongoing office

Mike contrasts the governing authority of elders with the non-governing nature of prophets.

church governance prophet vs. elder office Bethel Church
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Prophecy is tested; the prophet has no authority over the evaluation of their own prophecy

Mike explains the testing process for prophecy per 1 Corinthians 14:29 and 1 John 4:1.

1 Corinthians 14:29 1 John 4:1 prophecy and authority 1 Corinthians 14:29 1 John 4:1
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

With elders, you test the man so the teaching will be pure; with prophecy, you test the prophecy because anyone can give one

Mike draws the fundamental distinction in how authority works for elders vs. prophets.

prophecy and authority testing the man vs. testing the word eldership authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Prophecy is passive in nature — the prophet is not supposed to speak beyond what God gave them

Mike cites Craig Keener in support of this point about the passive nature of prophecy.

2 Samuel 7 David Craig Keener Nathan
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Keener himself acknowledges prophets had 'no authority outside of their message'

Mike uses Keener's own words to push back on other egalitarians who argue prophecy equals authority.

Craig Keener prophecy and authority Nathan
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Prophecy and eldership are very different: prophecy is passive, requires no qualifications or appointment, and the prophet has no ongoing authority

Mike summarizes the key differences that undermine the prophecy-equals-eldership argument.

prophecy vs. eldership
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 12:28 — 'administrating' (leadership) appears as a gift distinct from the office of teacher

Mike examines another gifts list.

1 Corinthians 12:28 apostles 1 Corinthians 12:28 kubernesis (administrating)
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Ephesians 4:11-12 is about offices (apostles, prophets, evangelists, shepherds/teachers) not about gifts applicable to the question

Mike examines Ephesians 4 but determines it is about offices, not gifts.

Ephesians 4:11-12 offices vs. gifts Ephesians 4:11-12 pastor-teacher
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 12:29-30 — Paul's rhetorical questions show not everyone is supposed to teach

Mike cites Paul's own words against the idea that all Christians should have a teaching ministry.

1 Corinthians 12:29-30 Philip Payne teaching ministry 1 Corinthians 12:29-30
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Series recap: Videos 3-4 and Mike's assessment of egalitarian scholarship

Continued series overview with editorial commentary on the quality of egalitarian biblical scholarship.

Deborah priesthood women in Old Testament
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Overview of today's topics: women in OT leadership positions — Deborah as judge, female prophets, and the priesthood restriction.

Road map for video 3

judges Deborah priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Aimee Byrd claims Huldah canonized the Torah by her prophecy — Mike calls this utterly ridiculous stretching.

Example of egalitarian over-reaching

Huldah Aimee Byrd Recovering from Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to Miriam: sister of Moses, a prophetess with an important role — not just a 'hood ornament.'

Beginning the examination of Miriam

Exodus Moses Miriam prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Philip Payne also claims Miriam was 'sent by God to lead Israel' — Mike calls this reckless handling of the text.

Additional egalitarian scholar making the same claim

Micah 6:4 Philip Payne Miriam textual stretching
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The Numbers 12 passage is actually about God rebuking Miriam for usurping Moses's authority, not about her valued leadership.

Exegesis of Numbers 12

Numbers 12 Moses Miriam Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Conclusions from Numbers 12: Moses is a different kind of leader; Miriam is rebuked for trying to usurp his authority.

Drawing conclusions from Numbers 12

Numbers 12 Moses Miriam Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Miriam was a prophetess; some incorrectly deny female prophets existed in the Bible.

Affirming the reality of female prophets

Numbers 12 Miriam prophetess Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike rejects the claim that female prophets only prophesied privately — Scripture doesn't support this restriction and there are examples of public prophecy.

Pushing back on complementarian minimizing

prophetess private vs. public prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Exodus 15:20-21: Miriam leads women with tambourines in singing after the Red Sea crossing — she functions as a prophetess in divinely inspired worship.

Examining Miriam's leadership in Exodus 15

Exodus 15:20-21 Miriam prophetess Exodus 15:20-21
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Numbers 12 implies Miriam prophesied to the people in general, not just women — 'hasn't the Lord spoken to us also?'

Soft evidence that Miriam prophesied to men and women

Numbers 12 Miriam prophetess Numbers 12
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike rejects limiting female prophets to speaking to women only, and rejects limiting Miriam to prophetic singing only.

Final positions on scope of female prophecy

Miriam prophetess prophetic singing
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Conclusions on Miriam: some degree of leadership, not like Moses, rebuked for pushing for more, not a priest, leadership sometimes focused on women and connected to prophecy.

Summary conclusions on Miriam

Moses priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to Huldah the prophetess (2 Kings 22:14) — Belleville emphasizes the king choosing Huldah over other prophets.

Beginning examination of Huldah

2 Kings 22:14 Linda Belleville Huldah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Huldah delivers a powerful prophetic word to King Josiah about judgment on Jerusalem and mercy on him personally.

Reading Huldah's prophecy in 2 Kings 22

2 Kings 22:15-20 Huldah Aimee Byrd Torah canonization
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Egalitarian talking point: Huldah was chosen over contemporary male prophets Jeremiah, Zephaniah, Nahum, and Habakkuk.

Presenting the egalitarian case for Huldah's prominence

Jeremiah Zephaniah Nahum Philip Payne Craig Keener Paul, Women, and Wives
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Rebuttal: there is no textual indication they chose Huldah over other prophets; proximity in Jerusalem is a better explanation.

Mike's pushback on the Huldah argument

2 Kings 22:14 hermeneutics Huldah 2 Kings 22:14
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Another textual explanation: Huldah's husband was 'keeper of the wardrobe' — a court connection that made access easier.

Additional contextual explanation for choosing Huldah

2 Kings 22:14 hermeneutics Huldah 2 Kings 22:14
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Still, Huldah was a prophetess sought by the king for direction from God — that's genuinely significant for our study.

Balanced conclusion on Huldah

Huldah prophetess prophetic authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Prophecy has a passive element: the prophet relays God's instructions but does not have authority to make decisions for God.

Nature of prophetic authority vs. governmental authority

eldership David Nathan
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Isaiah's wife is called a prophetess (Isaiah 8:3) — she likely prophesied in her own right.

Brief note on another female prophet

Isaiah's wife Isaiah 8:3 Isaiah's wife prophetess Isaiah 8:3
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Not all prophets are equal: prophets had different scopes and sizes of ministry — being a prophet doesn't mean you did everything every prophet ever did.

Distinguishing degrees of prophetic ministry

Jeremiah Isaiah Amos Jeremiah Isaiah Amos
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Noadiah the prophetess (Nehemiah 6:14) was a false prophet hired against Nehemiah — she should not be used to establish frequency of female prophets.

Brief note on another OT prophetess

Nehemiah 6:14 Nehemiah Nehemiah 6:14 Noadiah false prophet
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

There were probably more female prophets than those listed in the Bible, but they seem infrequent; multiple possible explanations exist.

Speculating on frequency of female prophets

prophetess frequency of female prophets
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

God doesn't rule out women being prophets; female prophets existed when good men were available (Miriam, Huldah), refuting the 'no good men' argument.

Key conclusion on female prophets

Miriam Huldah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Preview: next week will address whether female prophets prove women can be elders — transitioning now to women in other roles and the priesthood.

Transition to Deborah and priesthood topics

eldership Deborah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Some complementarians claim Deborah did only private counseling — Mike says this is wrong based on Judges 4:4-5.

Rebutting complementarian minimizing of Deborah

Judges 4:4-5 Deborah Judges 4:4-5 Lappidoth
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Deborah gives commands to Barak and the troops as a prophet/leader — egalitarians argue she is 'the leader of leaders.'

Deborah's prophetic commands to military leaders

Judges 4:6-7 Deborah Barak Judges 4:6-7
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Aimee Byrd claims Deborah was 'the word of God to Israel' since they couldn't access Scripture — Mike says this is false; the Levites taught the law throughout the land.

Rebutting Byrd's claim about Deborah

Deborah Levites Aimee Byrd
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