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All (50) Scripture Commentary (14) Theology (4) Mike Winger (32)
Scripture Commentary article 2024-06-19

The Debates Over 1 Timothy 2

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 12 on the debates over 1 Timothy 2:11-15

1 Cor 14:34-35 1 Corinthians 10:11 1 Corinthians 12:1-11 1 Timothy 2 Spiritual Gifts Women in Leadership
Scripture Commentary article 2024-03-27

Head Coverings in the Ancient Mediterranean: Research Clippings

Research clippings from Craig Keener's Dictionary of New Testament Background article on head coverings, with supplementary sources. Documents the cultural background of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16, showing that head coverings were tied to marital modesty, class status, and regional customs rather than a universal creation ordinance.

1 Cor 11:14–15 1 Cor 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:2–16 1 Corinthians 11 Women in Leadership Egalitarianism
Scripture Commentary article 2023-03-09

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Apostles

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 5 on whether women were apostles in the New Testament

1 Corinthians 12:28 1 Corinthians 12:7 1 Corinthians 15:5 Women in Leadership Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2022-11-25

What Winger Presently Gets Wrong: Women Leaders in the New Testament (PART A)

Response to Mike Winger's Women in Ministry Part 4 on women leaders in the New Testament (Part A)

1 Cor. 12:1–30 1 Corinthians 1:11 1 Corinthians 1:16 Women in Leadership Complementarianism Debates
Scripture Commentary article 2015-05-29

Exploring the Origins of the Bible: Canon Formation in Historical, Literary, and Theological Perspective (Acadia Studies in Bible and Theology)

Emanuel Tov and Craig A. Evans — Kindle highlights from '>-'. 14 highlights.

Lev. 19:18 Biblical Authority Apologetics
Scripture Commentary article 2012-07-29

Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ

Robert Bowman, J. Ed Komoszewski, and Darrell L. Bock — Kindle highlights from 'Putting Jesus in His Place: The Case for the Deity of Christ'. 100 highlights.

1 Cor. 15:24 1 Kings 8:27 1 Thess. 1:3 Trinity Christology Apologetics
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-08-02

@NotALibertar1an @HakamYaaqub @sola_chad I guess that just shows you have no ide

@NotALibertar1an @HakamYaaqub @sola_chad I guess that just shows you have no idea what you are talking about. In first century Judaism, only married women had to cover their heads. It also applied the

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-06-05

Something to note is that in Judaism, you will observe that all men have to cove

Something to note is that in Judaism, you will observe that all men have to cover their heads when praying or reading Torah. Why does Paul say that doing this—covering one’s head while doing these thi

question
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-03-20

@ScottCross_8 @KyleYoakum Is there anything in the context of Paul’s letter that

@ScottCross_8 @KyleYoakum Is there anything in the context of Paul’s letter that would help us decide whether this is related to angelic beings or human messengers (or as some have suggested, Judaism

commentary
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-16

@Jgallagher1958 @ronhenzel Paul thought that what he was doing by persecuting this foreign sect without Judaism was what God wanted. The law says that if anyone tells you to worship another god, you should stone him (Deut 13:6-10). When the Lord acc...

@Jgallagher1958 @ronhenzel Paul thought that what he was doing by persecuting this foreign sect without Judaism was what God wanted. The law says that if anyone tells you to worship another god, you s

Deut 13:6-10 general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-02-13

@D3mosth3n3s @BasedTorba @AmandaTylerBJC I see. I’m not, but how is that relevan

@D3mosth3n3s @BasedTorba @AmandaTylerBJC I see. I’m not, but how is that relevant? At any rate, Rabbinical Judaism would likely not be arguing for inclusion of women in leadership and teaching or pre

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2024-01-21

@yorel480 @lasteveharvest @itskellydiane What? Where are you getting this from? There's nothing in the Talmud that specifies shaving a prostitutes head as a form of punishment. The Bible calls for the death penalty for adultery. Maybe there were Gre...

@yorel480 @lasteveharvest @itskellydiane What? Where are you getting this from? There's nothing in the Talmud that specifies shaving a prostitutes head as a form of punishment. The Bible calls for the

debate
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-11-15

@ronhenzel Ron, surely you can understand that persecuting what he saw as a concerning sect of Judaism is not hatred of God. Paul believed this was showing zeal and faithfulness to God. Paul explains he was doing this in ignorance. "…even though I...

@ronhenzel Ron, surely you can understand that persecuting what he saw as a concerning sect of Judaism is not hatred of God. Paul believed this was showing zeal and faithfulness to God. Paul explain

general
Scripture Commentary tweet 2023-06-13

@ymmotrojam @brmorris @CherylSchatz If the latter then why follow this up with “do not forbid”? Since Paul says he is responding to their letter you need to argue why this is not a response to their letter. Judaism has this restriction in the Talmu...

@ymmotrojam @brmorris @CherylSchatz If the latter then why follow this up with “do not forbid”? Since Paul says he is responding to their letter you need to argue why this is not a response to their

debate
Theology verse entry

Psalm 109:8

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Psalm 109:8 apostolate,office,episkope,Matthias,Judas,replacement
Theology verse entry

Luke 24:1-26

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Luke 24:1-26 resurrection witnesses,women,testimony,unbelief,commission,egalitarian,prejudice
Theology verse entry

John 20:15-17

Sections: debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 20:15-17 Mary Magdalene,resurrection,commission,apostola apostolorum,witness,egalitarian
Theology verse entry

Galatians 5:1-6

Sections: exegesis, greek_analysis

Galatians 5:1-6 circumcision,freedom,bondage,yoke,faith working through love,egalitarian
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Alternative explanation for the Genesis allusion: women do not need to marry a circumcised man to be fully in Christ

Mike offers what he sees as a better explanation for the male/female and Genesis connection in Galatians.

Galatians 3:28 Galatians 3:28 circumcision judaizers
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Sonship benefit #2: Full participation of being in Christ — equal standing regardless of background

Mike identifies the second element of Paul's sonship teaching.

Galatians 3:26 Galatians 3:26 in Christ justification by faith
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Keener's only example of defensive household codes: Josephus' Against Apion

Mike examines the sole concrete example Keener offers.

Craig Keener Josephus Against Apion (Contra Apion)
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Christianity was seen as Jewish -- household codes were not the primary cultural threat

Mike adds another historical argument against the cultural-defense theory.

1 Peter 3 Craig Keener Christianity seen as Judaism Plutarch
Mike Winger idea 2023-11-22

Let a woman learn: the revolutionary positive command

Mike emphasizes that 1 Tim 2:11 ('let a woman learn') is a radical affirmation of women's right to theological education.

1 Timothy 2:11 1 Timothy 2:11 women's education ancient Judaism
Mike Winger idea 2018-02-21

Orthodox Jews — who observe the law far more strictly than JWs — permit blood transfusions and even organize blood drives, refuting the JW interpretation.

Mike uses Orthodox Jewish practice as an authoritative comparative example to undermine the Watchtower's reading of the OT blood laws.

blood transfusion eating blood prohibition Mosaic law applicability
Mike Winger idea 2018-01-24

Christian and Mormon concepts of God are mutually exclusive — not just different perspectives but contradictory definitions of what God is.

Mike wraps up the 'God' vocabulary section by emphasizing the incompatibility is categorical, not merely a difference of emphasis.

Mormonism vs. Christianity doctrine of God blasphemy
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-28

Spiritual resurrection theory refuted by the meaning of the word 'resurrection' in first-century Jewish context — N.T. Wright's scholarship

Systematic refutation of the spiritual resurrection theory, citing N.T. Wright's work on Jewish meaning of resurrection

N.T. Wright resurrection spiritual resurrection theory
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Isaiah 53: modern claim that it refers to Israel, not Messiah, is historically novel

Ra claims Isaiah 53 (the Suffering Servant) is about Israel personified, not Jesus, and that Jews have always understood it this way

Isaiah 53 Origen Messianic prophecy Isaiah 53
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-29

Rabbinic Judaism is not biblical Judaism — it postdates Christianity and is a response to Messiah's coming

Ra implies that because modern Jews don't accept Jesus, Christians are misappropriating the Hebrew Bible

Isaiah 53 Isaiah 53 Rabbinic Judaism Biblical Judaism
Mike Winger idea 2018-08-16

Islam is internally self-contradictory: it claims to derive from the Bible but must assert the Bible was corrupted whenever it disagrees with Islamic teaching

Audience question about Islam; Sye's presuppositional critique of Islam

Genesis 22 Islam Genesis 22 typology
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Introduction: Ben Shapiro asks Bishop Robert Barron whether he will go to heaven

Mike introduces the premise — an Orthodox Jew asks a Catholic bishop about his eternal destiny

salvation Orthodox Judaism Ben Shapiro
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Ben Shapiro's actual question: he observes 613 commandments and does good in the world — does that earn him heaven?

Mike carefully scopes Ben's question to exclude 'those who have never heard the gospel'

salvation Ben Shapiro 613 commandments
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Mike's verdict: Vatican II is not actually clear on Ben Shapiro's specific case

Summing up the Vatican II analysis

biblical authority Ben Shapiro Robert Barron
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Paul before his conversion: a counterexample to Barron's 'sincere conscience' argument

Mike uses Paul's pre-conversion biography as a test case

Acts 26:4-6 Paul salvation sincerity
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

The New Testament is a Jewish book written by Jews about the Jewish Messiah

Mike contextualizes the gospel for Ben as a Jewish person

Romans 11 Torah Tanakh Nevi'im
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Christianity is a Jewish religion; Gentiles are grafted in — not the other way around

Mike speaks directly to the Jewish identity of Christianity

Romans 11 Messianic Judaism grafted in Romans 11
Mike Winger idea 2018-12-19

Q&A: Were Jews chosen as an ethnic or religious group? — ethnic bloodline with a missional purpose

Answering viewer question from T. Kua

Genesis 12:3 Abraham covenant Messiah
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

John 4:21-24 — Jesus tells the Samaritan woman that worship will shift from Jerusalem to "spirit and truth"

Example of Jesus himself signaling a transition beyond Mosaic Law structures

John 4:19-24 Deuteronomy centralization of worship John 4:19-24 worship in spirit and truth temple worship
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-15

Q&A: "Messianic" is a synonym for "Christian"—every believer in Jesus is messianic in the biblical sense

Response to audience question about non-Jews identifying as Messianic

Messianic Messianic Judaism completed Jew
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-16

Why natural theology arguments point to the God of Christianity, not Hinduism

McLatchie explains why the cosmological and design arguments favor the Abrahamic God over polytheistic conceptions.

Mormonism polytheism monotheism
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Gamaliel's speech in Acts 5:34 -- a Pharisee teacher of the law advises the Sanhedrin to wait and see regarding the Apostles. The entire context remains Jewish.

Survey of Acts chapter 5, Sanhedrin confrontation

Acts 5:34-39 Gamaliel Sanhedrin Acts 5:34-39
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Acts 10: Cornelius is introduced -- the first non-proselyte Gentile to receive the gospel. He is a God-fearer but not circumcised and not under the law.

Survey of Acts chapter 10, Cornelius

Acts 10:1-2 Craig Keener Cornelius Josephus
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-22

Q&A: difference between Hebrew Roots movement (HRM) and Messianic Judaism -- HRM is predominantly Gentiles taking on Torah; Messianic Judaism is Jews who believe Jesus is Messiah

Q&A distinguishing HRM from Messianic Judaism

Hebrew Roots movement Messianic Judaism Jewish believers
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Messianic believers who add Torah observance as a requirement for salvation are condemned by Galatians 1

Q&A: brief assessment of Messianic Judaism

Galatians 1 Galatians 1 soteriology Torah
Mike Winger idea 2020-10-09

The Chosen's historical concerns — gender relations and sabbath fishing

Specific historical-accuracy concerns with The Chosen

historical context Peter Sabbath
Mike Winger idea 2020-10-09

John 16:24 — praying in Jesus's name: Jesus as the access point replacing the temple

Question from Danada Morin about what it means to pray in Jesus's name

John 16:24 Gospel of Mark Jesus as mediator intercession
Mike Winger idea 2020-11-20

Dual covenant theology is unbiblical; Jewish people need Jesus — Romans 10:1-4 and John 5:46

Final question about whether Jews can be saved without believing in Jesus through a special covenant.

Romans 10:1-4 John 5:46 Moses soteriology Messiah
Mike Winger idea 2021-01-15

Pentecost was a divine missionary strategy — God gathered diaspora Jews to Jerusalem so the gospel could radiate back to every nation

Continued Acts 2 discussion on why the miracle happened when and where it did.

Acts 2 Romans 1:16 Acts 2 Romans 1:16 Pentecost as missionary event
Mike Winger idea 2021-04-30

Modern (rabbinic) Judaism differs fundamentally from biblical Judaism; good works now replace the sacrificial system.

Question 9 from Meg Smiley about how Jews obtain forgiveness without the Temple.

Hebrews Romans 10:1-4 Hebrews works-righteousness Day of Atonement
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-15

About Saul’s Motives: Was Saul's hostility toward the Jewish Christians based on his biblical beliefs, or was he really on a mission to achieve status considering his age prior to conversion and extreme actions?

Q&A question: About Saul’s Motives

Judaism
Mike Winger idea 2026-03-20

Converting from Judaism: I’m a 19 year old Jewish believer. I want to get baptized and go to church, but my rabbinic/secular family is against it and some don’t know about my faith yet. How can I wisely share my faith without messing up?

Q&A question: Converting from Judaism

baptism