Search — Theology Explorer

Gal 3:28 egalitarian proof text no male or female

Video 5 will cover Galatians 3:28 ('no male or female in Christ') — the egalitarian 'trump card.'

Series overview and roadmap

1 Tim 2:12 authentein cult of Artemis

Video 9 will cover 1 Timothy 2 — the key complementarian passage about women not teaching or having authority over men, including the word authentein and the cult of Artemis.

Series overview and roadmap

bypassing scripture logical consistency

The reverse would also be invalid: blaming egalitarians for divorce rates and dysfunctional homes would equally bypass scripture.

Mistake #5: Showing the argument works both ways

1 Tim 2:12 proof-texting canonical consistency

Mistake #7: Picking one passage to rule all the rest — both sides do this, creating contradictions within the Bible rather than seeking unified understanding.

Mistake #7: One passage rules the rest

Gal 3:28 1 Tim 2:12 proof-texting

Egalitarians do the same with Galatians 3:28; Thomas Schreiner argues no single set of texts should function as a prism controlling the others.

Mistake #7: One passage rules the rest — egalitarian side

Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Titus 2:3: 'older women' uses a different Greek word (presbytis), not the elder office term

Mike addresses a less common egalitarian proof text.

Titus 2:3-5 presbuteros Titus 2:3-5 presbytis

Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Revelation 1:5-6 — Jesus made us a kingdom and priests; includes all freed by his blood

Another proof text for universal priesthood.

Revelation 1:5-6 universal priesthood of believers Revelation 1:5-6

Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Revelation 20:6 — all who share in the first resurrection are priests and will reign with Christ

Final priesthood proof text: men and women together in rulership and priesthood for the millennium.

Revelation 20:6 universal priesthood of believers Revelation 20:6 millennium

Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Preview of next video: Galatians 3:28 — 'the ultimate egalitarian proof text'

Mike previews the next video in the series.

Galatians 3:28 egalitarian proof text Galatians 3:28

Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Galatians 3:28 used by egalitarians to override other passages like 1 Timothy 2

Mike explains how egalitarians deploy Galatians 3:28 as an interpretive rule that forces reinterpretation of complementarian proof texts.

1 Timothy 2 Galatians 3:28 1 Timothy 2 Galatians 3:28 hermeneutical priority

Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Groothuis and Cohick cite the LSJ as proof kephale doesn't mean authority — misleading because the LSJ doesn't address NT usage

Mike shows how egalitarians use the LSJ in misleading ways.

Lynn Cohick argument from silence Rebecca Groothuis

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Isaiah 3:12 — 'women rule over them' — used by patriarchalists to argue women as rulers is always bad in God's eyes.

Examining a key patriarchalist proof text

Isaiah 3:12 patriarchalism Isaiah 3:12 women as rulers

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Warning: head coverings can be a gateway into cults and weird teachings

Mike offers a pastoral warning to the head covering movement.

head covering movement cult dangers secondary issues

Matthew 24:7-14 Matthew 24:7-14 Proof-texting Composite sign

JW article's proof-texting strategy: the 'composite sign'

JW argument begins with Matthew 24:7-14 as the 'composite sign'

John 2:19-21 John 2:19-21 Temple metaphor Bodily continuity

Proof text #1: John 2:19-21 and the destroyed temple

Evidence for bodily continuity across resurrection

Matthew 28:6 Matthew 28:6 Empty tomb Bodily resurrection

Proof text #2: Matthew 28:6 and the empty tomb

Evidence that the tomb was genuinely empty

Luke 24:36-43 Luke 24:36-43 Flesh and bones Spirit resurrection refuted

Proof text #3: Luke 24:36-43 and anti-spirit-resurrection statement

Jesus' explicit claim about his resurrection body

John 20:24-28 John 20:24-28 Nail prints Crucifixion marks

Proof text #4: John 20:24-28 and Thomas's demand

Continuity of crucifixion marks in resurrection body

Romans series Romans series Contextual reading Proof-texting refutation

Closing: Content plans, Romans series, and contextual reading appeal

Wrapping up the livestream and future direction

Mike Winger idea 2018-02-14

Warning against cherry-picking hermeneutics: all false movements take one true thing and exaggerate it to discount other scriptural truths

Mike articulates a general hermeneutical warning

false teaching hermeneutics proof-texting

Mike Winger idea 2018-02-14

Matthew 6:10 ('on earth as it is in heaven') is the central practical scripture of Bethel's theology — they interpret it as God manifesting heaven's conditions on earth right now

Mike identifies and challenges Bethel's key proof text for their present-kingdom expectations

Matthew 6:10 Bill Johnson Matthew 6:10 kingdom of God

Mormonism Joseph Smith fraud

Mike opens by claiming Joseph Smith perpetrated a fraud that undermines Mormonism's foundations

Introduction to the livestream topic

Mormonism apologetics LDS Church

Overview of Mormonism's scale and the testability question

Setting up the apologetic challenge

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Pearl of Great Price

Introduction to the Book of Abraham as the key test case for Mormonism

Setting up the argument

Abraham Joseph Smith 1835

Joseph Smith claims divine gifts as seer and translator; acquires Egyptian mummies and papyrus scrolls in Kirtland, Ohio

Historical background of the Book of Abraham

Joseph Smith 1835 Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone had only recently been found; Egyptology was nascent in 1835 — giving Smith apparent cover

Historical context for why Smith's claims were initially plausible

Joseph Smith purchases the mummies and scrolls for $2,400; claims one scroll was written by Abraham's own hand

The acquisition and initial claims about the papyri

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham 1835

Smith's diary entries document ongoing 'translation' work on Egyptian alphabet and grammar in late 1835

Documentary evidence from Smith's own journals

LDS Church president's diary corroborates that Smith translated Abraham's own handwriting using the Urim and Thummim

Secondary LDS historical witness to Smith's translation claims

The LDS Church officially canonized the Book of Abraham as translated from the papyrus by Joseph Smith

The canonical status of the Book of Abraham in LDS theology

Joseph Smith Pearl of Great Price Egyptology

The original papyri were thought lost in the Great Chicago Fire; facsimile copies in Smith's own hand survive

The preservation history of the papyri evidence

Abraham Joseph Smith Book of Abraham facsimiles

Smith's interpretation of the facsimile images: he identifies figures as the angel of the Lord, Abraham, and names Egyptian gods

Smith's specific claims about the facsimile imagery

Joseph Smith LDS Church Egyptology

Early Egyptologist critics were dismissed because the original papyri could not be examined

How the LDS Church handled early scholarly criticism

LDS Church papyrus Metropolitan Museum of Art

The original papyri were discovered in 1966–1967 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and given to BYU

The rediscovery of the Joseph Smith Papyri

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Brigham Young University

LDS professor at BYU commented that the rediscovery of the papyri was 'a far more' significant test of LDS claims

Internal LDS academic recognition of the significance of the papyri rediscovery

translation comparison Joseph Smith testability of religious claims

Unlike the Book of Mormon (golden plates taken away), the Book of Abraham papyri CAN be tested — this is unique

The Book of Abraham as a uniquely testable LDS truth claim

Abraham Book of Abraham Egyptology

The papyri date to the 2nd century BC — approximately 2,000 years after Abraham's time

Core finding from the Egyptological examination of the recovered papyri

Book of Abraham Joseph Smith Papyri Book of Breathings

The papyri are pagan Egyptian funerary texts — specifically the 'Book of Breathings' — belonging to a man named Hor

What Egyptologists actually found the papyri to contain

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham facsimiles funerary texts

Smith misidentified Egyptian deities; the figures at the bottom are canopic jars, not gods with the names Smith assigned

Specific errors in Smith's interpretation of the facsimile

The Book of Abraham has no connection to Abraham in time, geography, subject matter, or religion

Summary of what the papyri actually represent

James Henry Breasted Joseph Smith Pearl of Great Price Egyptology

Dr. James Henry Breasted (University of Chicago / Haskell Oriental Museum) calls Smith's interpretations wrong and shows he was unacquainted with basic Egyptian facts

Expert scholarly critique of the Book of Abraham facsimiles

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

Dr. Arthur C. Mace (Metropolitan Museum of Art / University of Pennsylvania) says it is 'hardly necessary to say' Smith's work is 'a pure' fabrication

Expert scholarly critique from an Egyptologist at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

Rev. Prof. C.A. Briggs and a professor from University of Berlin identify the images as standard Book of the Dead scenes easily recognizable to any trained Egyptologist

Additional expert scholarly critique

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

University of Munich Egyptologist calls Smith's work a probable forgery and says the text is not older than the Greek period

Additional expert scholarly critique from Munich

translation comparison LDS Church Book of Abraham

The LDS Church's own official article on lds.org admits the characters on the papyri do not match the Book of Abraham text

The LDS Church's own admission in its official online materials

Holy Spirit apologetics LDS Church

LDS Church's official position: understand the Book of Abraham through 'careful study of its teachings and by the witness of the Holy Spirit'

The LDS Church's final response to the historical and Egyptological evidence

Mike Winger Mormonism personal testimony

Personal testimony: Mike was raised as a Mormon; this evidence would have been world-shattering to him

Mike's personal background and emotional investment in the argument

Abraham Book of Abraham Pearl of Great Price

Dr. Stephen E. Thompson (PhD in Egyptology) confirms the papyri were not written by Abraham's own hand

Final scholarly citation on the Book of Abraham papyri

Mormonism prophetic authority false prophet

Central apologetic argument: if Smith lied about one thing as a prophet, he is a false prophet — and the evidence proves he lied

The logical conclusion of the Book of Abraham argument