Search — Theology Explorer

Joseph Smith purchases the mummies and scrolls for $2,400; claims one scroll was written by Abraham's own hand

The acquisition and initial claims about the papyri

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham 1835

Smith's diary entries document ongoing 'translation' work on Egyptian alphabet and grammar in late 1835

Documentary evidence from Smith's own journals

LDS Church president's diary corroborates that Smith translated Abraham's own handwriting using the Urim and Thummim

Secondary LDS historical witness to Smith's translation claims

The LDS Church officially canonized the Book of Abraham as translated from the papyrus by Joseph Smith

The canonical status of the Book of Abraham in LDS theology

Joseph Smith Pearl of Great Price Egyptology

The original papyri were thought lost in the Great Chicago Fire; facsimile copies in Smith's own hand survive

The preservation history of the papyri evidence

Abraham Joseph Smith Book of Abraham facsimiles

Smith's interpretation of the facsimile images: he identifies figures as the angel of the Lord, Abraham, and names Egyptian gods

Smith's specific claims about the facsimile imagery

Joseph Smith LDS Church Egyptology

Early Egyptologist critics were dismissed because the original papyri could not be examined

How the LDS Church handled early scholarly criticism

LDS Church papyrus Metropolitan Museum of Art

The original papyri were discovered in 1966–1967 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and given to BYU

The rediscovery of the Joseph Smith Papyri

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Brigham Young University

LDS professor at BYU commented that the rediscovery of the papyri was 'a far more' significant test of LDS claims

Internal LDS academic recognition of the significance of the papyri rediscovery

translation comparison Joseph Smith testability of religious claims

Unlike the Book of Mormon (golden plates taken away), the Book of Abraham papyri CAN be tested — this is unique

The Book of Abraham as a uniquely testable LDS truth claim

Abraham Book of Abraham Egyptology

The papyri date to the 2nd century BC — approximately 2,000 years after Abraham's time

Core finding from the Egyptological examination of the recovered papyri

Book of Abraham Joseph Smith Papyri Book of Breathings

The papyri are pagan Egyptian funerary texts — specifically the 'Book of Breathings' — belonging to a man named Hor

What Egyptologists actually found the papyri to contain

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham facsimiles funerary texts

Smith misidentified Egyptian deities; the figures at the bottom are canopic jars, not gods with the names Smith assigned

Specific errors in Smith's interpretation of the facsimile

The Book of Abraham has no connection to Abraham in time, geography, subject matter, or religion

Summary of what the papyri actually represent

James Henry Breasted Joseph Smith Pearl of Great Price Egyptology

Dr. James Henry Breasted (University of Chicago / Haskell Oriental Museum) calls Smith's interpretations wrong and shows he was unacquainted with basic Egyptian facts

Expert scholarly critique of the Book of Abraham facsimiles

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

Dr. Arthur C. Mace (Metropolitan Museum of Art / University of Pennsylvania) says it is 'hardly necessary to say' Smith's work is 'a pure' fabrication

Expert scholarly critique from an Egyptologist at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

Rev. Prof. C.A. Briggs and a professor from University of Berlin identify the images as standard Book of the Dead scenes easily recognizable to any trained Egyptologist

Additional expert scholarly critique

Joseph Smith Egyptology Book of Abraham facsimiles

University of Munich Egyptologist calls Smith's work a probable forgery and says the text is not older than the Greek period

Additional expert scholarly critique from Munich

translation comparison LDS Church Book of Abraham

The LDS Church's own official article on lds.org admits the characters on the papyri do not match the Book of Abraham text

The LDS Church's own admission in its official online materials

Mormonism prophetic authority false prophet

Central apologetic argument: if Smith lied about one thing as a prophet, he is a false prophet — and the evidence proves he lied

The logical conclusion of the Book of Abraham argument

Deuteronomy 18:20 Deuteronomy false prophet Joseph Smith Deuteronomy 18:20

Deuteronomy 18: the test for a false prophet — a prophet who speaks in God's name what God has not commanded shall die

Scriptural framework for evaluating false prophecy

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Joseph Smith diary

LDS apologist claim that Smith received direct revelation (not translation) is refuted by his own diary

Responding to a viewer question about the LDS apologetic counter-argument

Jeremiah 31 Mormonism Islam Book of Abraham

Canonical closure argument: the New Testament closes the canon — there is no room for a new book of scripture

Theological argument against the LDS claim to new scripture

Joseph Smith LDS Church Book of Abraham

The Joseph Smith Papers project published the Egyptian Grammar and Alphabet documents, exposing them to scholarly scrutiny

Recent LDS document releases and their apologetic implications

Book of Abraham Great Chicago Fire Metropolitan Museum of Art

LDS apologist argument #1: the 'Short Scroll Theory' — the recovered fragments are only part of a longer scroll

Review of LDS apologetic responses to the papyri problem

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham facsimiles Joseph Smith Papyri

Refutation of Short Scroll Theory: the facsimile images themselves, which Smith specifically interpreted, ARE on the surviving fragments

Mike's counter to the Short Scroll Theory

Book of Abraham Great Chicago Fire Joseph Smith Papyri

LDS apologist argument #2: the 'Long Scroll Theory' — a different, longer, lost scroll within the same collection contained the real Book of Abraham source

Second main LDS apologetic response

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham inspired translation

LDS apologist argument #3: Smith did not 'translate' in the conventional sense — he was receiving spiritual impressions triggered by the images

Third main LDS apologetic counter-argument

Refutation of the 'spiritual impression' translation argument: Smith's own documents say it was written by Abraham's own hand — not a spiritual trigger

Mike's counter to the spiritual impression theory

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Egyptology

LDS apologist argument #4: we don't know enough about Egyptology yet — future discoveries might vindicate Smith

Fourth main LDS apologetic response

Mike Winger idea 2018-04-18

Harold Camping's 1994 prediction: when it failed, he claimed it was 'spiritual' — the Holy Spirit left all denominations

Camping's first major public end-times prediction was 1994. His response to failure set a pattern.

false prophecy Holy Spirit Harold Camping

Mormonism prophetic authority Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith is the founder and first prophet of Mormonism, and his revelations form the doctrinal basis of the faith.

Background on Joseph Smith before quoting him directly from the King Follett sermon.

Joseph Smith King Follett Sermon prophetic inspiration

The King Follett Sermon: delivered April 7, 1844 at a funeral with ~20,000 present; Joseph Smith claimed to speak under inspiration to 'all ye ends of the earth.'

Mike introduces the King Follett Sermon as the primary documentary source for Mormon theology about the nature of God.

Joseph Smith God was once a man King Follett Sermon

King Follett Sermon quote: 'God himself was once as we are now and is an exalted man' — Joseph Smith teaches that God's pre-divine humanity is the 'great secret.'

Direct quotation from the King Follett Sermon establishing the Mormon doctrine that God was once a mortal man.

Joseph Smith God was once a man King Follett Sermon

Joseph Smith teaches that God lived on another earth, was born, lived, died, and was resurrected — just like Jesus — before becoming God.

Continuation of the King Follett Sermon quote, extending the doctrine that God was once a man by drawing an explicit parallel with the life of Jesus.

hermeneutics proof-texting Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith misuses a Jesus quote to argue that the Father 'laid down his body' just as Jesus did — Mike identifies this as 'bad Bible study.'

Mike critiques Smith's exegetical method in the King Follett Sermon, where Smith splices two separate Jesus quotes to derive the doctrine of the Father's mortality.

Joseph Smith Book of Abraham Pearl of Great Price

Book of Abraham (Pearl of Great Price), chapter 4: creation is described as 'the gods' organizing matter — explicitly polytheistic and not ex nihilo.

Mike reads from official Mormon scripture to demonstrate the polytheistic view of creation embedded in LDS canonical texts.

Joseph Smith King Follett Sermon creation ex nihilo

King Follett Sermon quote: Joseph Smith mocks orthodox scholars for teaching creation ex nihilo, claiming special knowledge via the Holy Ghost.

Direct quotation from the King Follett Sermon on creation, where Smith attacks the ex nihilo doctrine and claims superior knowledge.

hermeneutics Joseph Smith creation ex nihilo

Joseph Smith's claim that 'bara' means 'organize' is inaccurate; traditional Jewish and Christian scholarship has consistently supported ex nihilo creation.

Mike briefly rebuts Smith's Hebrew argument, pointing to the scholarly consensus and encouraging viewers to research it themselves.

Joseph Smith King Follett Sermon eternal progression

King Follett Sermon quote: 'you have got to learn how to be gods yourselves... from grace to grace, from exaltation to exaltation' — eternal life is progressive deification.

Joseph Smith's direct teaching on exaltation from the King Follett Sermon, framing godhood as the telos of Mormon salvation.

Pharisaism Joseph Smith works-based salvation

Mormon definition of the gospel: a complex set of new teachings restored by Joseph Smith that must be learned and performed — not 'good news' but a difficult path.

The Mormon gospel adds a body of doctrine and performance requirements that make it not 'good news' in any conventional sense.

epistemology Mormon testimony burning in the bosom

Q&A: Most Mormons are not convinced by intellectual arguments — they are committed emotionally through 'testimony,' an emotionally validated belief experience.

Viewer question: 'What would Mike suggest to say to a Mormon to convince them that Christianity is truth?'