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All (729) Scripture Commentary (176) Theology (98) Mike Winger (451) Pulpit (4)
Theology greek term

διακρίνω (diakrino)

to discern, to evaluate, to judge

greek
Theology greek term

וַיִּקְטֹל (wayyiqtol)

consecutive/sequential narrative verb form (Hebrew)

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνήρ/γυνή (aner/gyne)

man/woman OR husband/wife

greek
Theology greek term

ἐπιτρέπω (epitrepo)

to permit, to allow, to entrust

greek
Theology greek term

μὴ κωλύετε (me koluete)

do not forbid, stop forbidding

greek
Theology greek term

ὑπακούω (hypakouō)

to listen to, to hearken, to obey

greek
Theology greek term

ἕλκω (helkō)

to draw, attract, drag

greek
Theology greek term

προορίζω (proorizō)

to predestine, to foreordain, to determine beforehand

greek
Theology greek term

σκληρύνω (sklērunō)

to harden, make stubborn

greek
Theology greek term

παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi)

to hand over, deliver up, give over

greek
Theology greek term

προγινώσκω (proginōskō)

to know beforehand, to foreknow

greek
Theology greek term

ποιμαίνω (poimaino)

to shepherd, to tend a flock, to pastor, to rule

greek
Theology greek term

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

greek
Theology greek term

αὐθεντικός (authentikos)

original, authentic, authoritative; relating to the source or master

greek
Theology greek term

dominare / dominari (dominare)

to rule, to dominate, to lord it over (Latin; used to translate authenteō in the Vulgate)

greek
Theology greek term

στρατηγός (strategos)

general, commander; magistrate, police captain (civic official in Hellenistic and Roman contexts)

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνδρὲς Ἀθηναῖοι (andres athenaioi)

men of Athens (Acts 17:22); plural of anēr used generically for a mixed audience

greek
Theology greek term

λαμβάνω (lambano)

to take, to receive, to accept; foundational verb of reception and appropriation

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχή (archē)

beginning, origin, source; rule, authority, first cause

greek
Theology greek term

αἴτιος (aitios)

cause, source, author; responsible

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχηγός (archēgos)

originator, author, pioneer, founder, trailblazing leader

greek
Theology greek term

יִנָּבְאוּ (yinnābe'û)

they will prophesy (niphal imperfect 3mp of נָבָא)

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Theology greek term

נְבִיאָה (nĕbî'āh)

prophetess (feminine of נָבִיא)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Linda Belleville's argument: Genesis 2 speaks of order and source, not authority -- Mike's rebuttal: these aren't mutually exclusive; primogeniture is precisely about order implying authority.

Egalitarian counter-argument from Belleville

Linda Belleville Gen 2 order and source
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Combining Schreiner's points 2 and 6 with Mike's additional argument: Adam's curse impacts all creation while Eve's only impacts women, implying different scopes of representation.

Mike's additional argument from the different curses

Gen 3:16-19 scope of curses Adam's greater representation
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 16:15 refutes host-as-leader: Lydia hosted Paul immediately after conversion

Mike applies the host-as-leader test to Lydia.

Acts 16:15 Lydia N.T. Wright hosting vs. leading
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 12:12 refutes host-as-leader: Mary mother of Mark hosted a prayer gathering

Mike presents another counter-example.

Acts 12:12 Linda Belleville hosting vs. leading Mary mother of Mark
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Cornelius counter-example: would be an overseer before being a Christian

Mike continues listing absurd implications of the host-as-leader theory.

Acts 10 hosting vs. leading Cornelius Acts 10
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Jason in Acts 17:5-9 does not prove host-as-leader; shows external cultural accountability only

Mike addresses the one passage egalitarians use to support host-as-leader.

Acts 17:5-9 hosting vs. leading Jason Acts 17:5-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 18:24-26: Priscilla and Aquila teach Apollos theology privately

Mike examines the most significant scene from Priscilla and Aquila's ministry.

Acts 18:24-26 Ephesus Priscilla Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Priscilla's teaching was doctrinal but private and informal, not public elder-type teaching

Mike distinguishes what Priscilla's teaching was from what it was not.

Acts 18:26 Priscilla private vs. public teaching eldership teaching
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Craig Keener claims Priscilla and Aquila instructed ministers (plural) and led a house church

Mike examines Keener's specific claims about Priscilla and Aquila.

Acts 18:26 Priscilla Aquila Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Two reasons for women deacons and three counter-arguments

Mike lays out the debate structure on women deacons.

Romans 16:1-2 1 Timothy 3:11 Acts 6 women deacons Phoebe Romans 16:1-2
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 6: the seven men as proto-deacons; deacons do everything that isn't eldership

Mike discusses the origin of the deacon role.

Acts 6 apostles Acts 6 deacon definition
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Counterargument: 'well-known among the apostles' proves too much given their obscurity

Mike offers a significant rebuttal to the highest-sense reading.

Romans 16:7 Galatians 2 Junia Romans 16:7 Andronicus
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Linda Belleville thinks Junia was a missionary saved at Pentecost

Mike cites another egalitarian scholar's view.

Acts 2 Linda Belleville Junia Pentecost
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion assuming Junia was an apostle: she was a missionary, not highest-rank

Mike summarizes his 'fallback' position if Junia was indeed an apostle.

Romans 16:7 Acts 2 Linda Belleville Junia Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 1 preview: The persecution argument from N.T. Wright

Mike introduces the first argument: N.T. Wright claims that Paul persecuting women (Acts 8) proves women were leaders in the early church.

Acts 8 N.T. Wright Acts 8 persecution argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 1 detail: N.T. Wright's persecution argument from 'Surprised by Scripture'

Wright quotes Kenneth Bailey's cultural analysis to argue that women being targeted by Saul's persecution proves they were leaders and influential figures in the community.

Acts 8 N.T. Wright Surprised by Scripture Acts 8
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 26:9-11 shows Paul persecuted 'many of the saints,' not leaders specifically

Mike reads Acts 26:9-11 where Paul describes persecuting 'many of the saints,' punishing them 'in every synagogue,' and compelling them to blaspheme.

Acts 26:9-11 persecution argument Acts 26:9-11 Paul/Saul
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 8:1 — all believers scattered except the apostles, showing persecution targeted non-leaders

The persecution resulted in everyone fleeing Jerusalem except the apostles. If persecution targeted leaders, the non-leaders should have stayed.

Acts 8:1 persecution argument Acts 8:1
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Stephen was a deacon, not a high leader, yet he was stoned

Stephen's martyrdom further undermines the claim that persecution targeted only high leaders.

Acts 8 Stephen Acts 8 deacon
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 8:3 — Saul went house to house dragging off men and women; this was general persecution, not targeting leaders

Mike reads Acts 8:3 which is the actual text Wright bases his argument on. Paul went to every house interrogating whether people were Christians.

Acts 8:3 persecution argument Acts 8:3
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Argument 2 detail: N.T. Wright claims 'sat at the feet' is a technical phrase meaning rabbinical training

Wright argues that Mary sitting at Jesus's feet (Luke 10:39) means she was being trained to become a rabbi/teacher, not merely learning as a disciple.

Luke 10:39 Acts 22:3 N.T. Wright Luke 10:39 Mary and Martha
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 22:3 — Paul 'at the feet of Gamaliel' does not prove everyone who sat at a teacher's feet became a rabbi

Mike questions whether the phrase necessarily means rabbinical training for every person who used it.

Acts 22:3 Acts 22:3 sat at the feet Gamaliel
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Survey of women who prophesied in the Bible: Miriam, Huldah, Deborah, Isaiah's wife, Anna, Philip's four daughters

Mike establishes that women clearly prophesied throughout the Bible, both in the OT and NT.

Isaiah's wife Luke 2 Acts 21:9 Deborah women prophesying Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 11 gives rules for how women should prophesy in public gatherings; Acts 2 / Joel 2 declares sons and daughters shall prophesy

Key NT evidence that women prophesied publicly in church gatherings.

1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 Joel 2 1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Romans 12:6-8 — teaching and leading are listed as spiritual gifts alongside gifts women clearly have

Mike examines the gifts list in Romans 12 to determine whether women can have teaching and leadership gifts.

Romans 12:6-8 spiritual gifts teaching gift leadership gift
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Jew/Gentile distinctions continued after conversion: Jews kept the law, Gentiles did not

Mike demonstrates that the Jew/Gentile pair retained functional differences in the early church.

Acts 10 Acts 15 1 Corinthians 7:18-20 Peter Acts 10 Jew/Gentile distinctions
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