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All (535) Scripture Commentary (351) Theology (82) Mike Winger (101) Pulpit (1)
Theology verse entry

Hebrews 5:9-10

Sections: exegesis

Hebrews 5:9-10 source,aitios,archegos,salvation,christ,origin
Theology verse entry

2 Samuel 20:14-23

Sections: exegesis

2 Samuel 20:14-23 wise woman of abel,women leadership,wisdom,sheba revolt
Theology verse entry

Judges 5:1-31

Sections: exegesis

Judges 5:1-31 deborah,song,poet,women leadership,jael
Theology verse entry

1 Timothy 3:8-13

Sections: exegesis

1 Timothy 3:8-13 deacons,women deacons,gynaikas,likewise,hosautos,diakonos,phoebe,women leadership,huebner
Theology verse entry

Joel 2:28-29

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Joel 2:28-29 prophecy,Spirit outpouring,daughters,women prophets,Pentecost,egalitarian,Joel,Acts 2,Peter sermon,last days
Theology verse entry

1 Corinthians 15:28

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 Corinthians 15:28 eschatology,subjection,Son,Trinity,EFS,mediatorial kingdom,subordinationism,hypotasso
Theology verse entry

Philippians 2:5-11

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Philippians 2:5-11 kenosis,incarnation,Christ hymn,self-emptying,EFS,Trinity,morphē theou,equality with God,exaltation
Theology verse entry

John 5:18-23

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 5:18-23 Son equal to Father,John 5,EFS,Trinity,divine prerogatives,honor Son as Father,isos,subordinationism
Theology greek term

τεκνογονία (teknogonia)

the childbearing

greek
Theology greek term

ὑβριστής (hybristEs)

insolent aggressor / violent transgressor

greek
Theology greek term

ἐπισκοπή (episkopē)

office, oversight, supervision

greek
Theology greek term

κύριος (kyrios)

lord / master / sir

greek
Theology greek term

ἔζερ (ezer)

helper, strong ally, rescuer

greek
Theology greek term

προΐστημι (proistemi)

to lead, to manage, to be over, to care for

greek
Theology greek term

ἤ (e/eta)

or; disjunctive particle used for rhetorical refutation

greek
Theology greek term

ἡ (anaphoric) (he (anaphoric))

the (anaphoric article — pointing back to a previously introduced noun)

greek
Theology greek term

μεσίτης (mesites)

mediator, go-between

greek
Theology greek term

ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō)

to subject, to submit, to place under

greek
Theology greek term

ἐνδύω (endyo)

to put on, to clothe oneself with

greek
Theology greek term

ὁ διδάσκων (ho didaskōn)

the one who teaches (generic participle)

greek
Theology greek term

ὁ προϊστάμενος (ho proistamenos)

the one who leads (participle of proistēmi)

greek
Theology greek term

ὑπακούω (hypakouō)

to listen to, to hearken, to obey

greek
Theology greek term

ἔρχομαι (erchomai)

to come, go, arrive

greek
Theology greek term

πιστεύω (pisteuō)

to believe, trust, have faith in

greek
Theology greek term

χάρις (charis)

grace, unmerited favor

greek
Theology greek term

δικαιόω (dikaioō)

to justify, to declare righteous

greek
Theology greek term

ποιμαίνω (poimaino)

to shepherd, to tend a flock, to pastor, to rule

greek
Theology greek term

προβολεύς (proboleus)

progenitor, originator, one who projects or sends forth; used as an interpretation of kephalē

greek
Theology greek term

αὐτοδικεῖν (autodikein)

to plead one's own cause; to act as one's own advocate (Attic Greek equivalent of authentein)

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχή (archē)

beginning, origin, source; rule, authority, first cause

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχηγός (archēgos)

originator, author, pioneer, founder, trailblazing leader

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Theology greek term

μορφή (morphē)

form, essential nature (Phil 2:6-7)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Linda Belleville's argument: every other OT use of 'ezer' has no connotation of submission; God himself is most commonly called 'ezer' in Scripture.

Egalitarian case that 'ezer' doesn't imply subordination

Linda Belleville ezer Hos 13:9
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Craig Blomberg's nuanced view: 'ezer' means the one being helped bears primary responsibility -- Mike disagrees, citing Psalm 146:3-7 as a counter-example.

Blomberg's complementarian take on 'ezer'

Two Views on Women in Ministry ezer Craig Blomberg
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Mike's conclusion on 'ezer': the complementarian view is weak if based on this word; it doesn't imply subordination or submission. The consistent thread is that the person being helped can't do it alone.

Mike's settled view on the 'ezer' debate

ezer Gen 2:18 changed mind
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Mike's four problems with Ramsey's paper: (1) ignores Genesis 1-2 context, (2) confuses WHY a name was chosen with WHY Adam does the naming, (3) argues against magical naming instead of actual complementarian claims, (4) ignores that namers consistently have authority over the named.

Critique of Ramsey's paper on naming

Gen 2 false dichotomy naming as authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Romans 5:19 shows the New Testament consistently assigns Adam primary responsibility for the fall, even though Eve ate first.

NT evidence for Adam's greater accountability

Rom 5:19 Adam's primary responsibility federal headship
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Jason in Acts 17:5-9 does not prove host-as-leader; shows external cultural accountability only

Mike addresses the one passage egalitarians use to support host-as-leader.

Acts 17:5-9 hosting vs. leading Jason Acts 17:5-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's claim that widow requirements parallel elder qualifications -- they don't

Mike addresses Belleville's second argument for widows as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 1 Timothy 3 Linda Belleville 1 Timothy 5:9-10 elder qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer's 2015 paper brings 71 new supporting texts

Mike details the new evidence Burer marshals.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Michael Burer Burer 2015 paper
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Pushback 2: If the Holy Spirit is the source of the gender limitation, then ignoring it removes the Spirit's sovereign call

Grenz claims gender restrictions remove the Spirit's sovereign call. Mike flips this argument.

Stanley Grenz eldership qualifications sovereignty of the Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Broader context of 1 Corinthians 11-14 confirms it is about gathered worship: Lord's Supper and spiritual gifts in church

Mike appeals to the wider literary context to confirm his reading.

1 Corinthians 11:17-34 1 Corinthians 12-14 1 Corinthians 14:3-4 1 Corinthians 11:17-34 1 Corinthians 12-14 1 Corinthians 14:3-4
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

LSJ lexicon (1996 supplement): lists 'source' as possible meaning (for rivers) and 'noblest part' — does not cite any NT passages

Mike arrives at the one lexicon egalitarians rely on most.

kephale LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones) source meaning for rivers
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Lexicon survey conclusion: 15 surveyed, only 3 mention source, none assign source to any NT passage

Mike summarizes his comprehensive lexicon survey.

kephale lexicon survey results source meaning extremely rare
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Glare: 'in most cases the sense of the head as being the controlling agent is the one required'

Mike reads the conclusion of Glare's letter.

kephale Wayne Grudem Peter Glare
Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Heart of complementarianism: equal value, different authority, mutual accountability

Mike summarizes the complementarian vision of marriage.

complementarianism equal value different roles
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Keener's response: if kephale means authority, it's purely cultural -- Mike's rebuttal

Mike challenges the 'cultural authority' escape hatch.

1 Corinthians 11:3 Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:3 cultural vs. transcultural
Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Artwork evidence: mostly shows women without coverings, but mainly rich women

Mike surveys archaeological evidence from Corinth.

Cynthia Thompson Ramsey MacMullen Corinth archaeology
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Walter Kaiser's argument from Thayer's lexicon and D.A. Carson's correction

Mike examines Walter Kaiser's 1986 Christianity Today article supporting the refutation view.

D.A. Carson e/eta (disjunctive particle) Walter Kaiser
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