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Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Pushback 3: Grenz's argument assumes priesthood + gifts are the ONLY factors for eldership — they are not

Grenz's case rests on two factors: being a priest and having gifts. Mike argues these are not the only factors.

1 Timothy 3 Titus 1 1 Timothy 3 Stanley Grenz eldership qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Priesthood means no one mediates between you and God; this is different from teaching

Mike now builds his positive case for what priesthood means for Christians and why it does not equate to eldership.

1 Timothy 2:5 priesthood mediation 1 Timothy 2:5
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Hebrews 10:19-22 — believers can enter the holy places directly through Jesus's blood

Mike uses Hebrews to demonstrate that all believers have direct access to God without a mediator.

Hebrews 10:19-22 priesthood mediation Hebrews 10:19-22
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Correction for complementarians: the husband is NOT the priest of his home

Mike disagrees with many complementarians, including pastors he has respected, on this point.

headship universal priesthood of believers complementarian correction
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Being a priest does not mean anything about being an elder; eldership is not priestly in character

Mike draws the sharp distinction: priesthood is about access to God, not about teaching or leading others.

eldership priesthood mediation
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Anticipated objection: if women could not be OT priests but are NT priests, why can't they hold the highest roles?

Mike addresses the challenge to his view: if women's exclusion from OT priesthood was about gender, and now they are priests, doesn't that prove they can have any role?

1 Timothy 3 Titus 1 1 Timothy 3 Levitical priesthood eldership qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

What was uniquely priestly was the mediating function, which now belongs to all believers

Mike clarifies the distinction between priestly mediation and teaching.

1 Timothy 2 1 Timothy 3 Titus 1 1 Timothy 2 1 Timothy 3 eldership qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Video summary — Argument 3: Universal priesthood is true but priesthood is not the only factor in eldership

Summary of the universal priesthood argument.

universal priesthood of believers complementarian correction husband as priest
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Series recap: Videos 3-4 and Mike's assessment of egalitarian scholarship

Continued series overview with editorial commentary on the quality of egalitarian biblical scholarship.

Deborah priesthood women in Old Testament
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Overview of today's topics: women in OT leadership positions — Deborah as judge, female prophets, and the priesthood restriction.

Road map for video 3

judges Deborah priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The NT has direct teaching; the OT must be harmonized with it for a comprehensive view.

Hermeneutical framework for OT examples

hermeneutics priesthood comprehensive biblical view
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Counter-cultural examples like Deborah are strong evidence; but clear teaching (like on priests) is even better.

Hermeneutical hierarchy: examples vs. teaching

hermeneutics Deborah priesthood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Conclusions on Miriam: some degree of leadership, not like Moses, rebuked for pushing for more, not a priest, leadership sometimes focused on women and connected to prophecy.

Summary conclusions on Miriam

Moses priesthood Miriam
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Preview: next week will address whether female prophets prove women can be elders — transitioning now to women in other roles and the priesthood.

Transition to Deborah and priesthood topics

eldership Deborah prophetess
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Introduction to the priesthood topic: women were priests in other pagan cultures but forbidden in Israel under the Law.

Transitioning to the priesthood discussion

eldership priesthood pagan priestesses
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Egalitarian view #1: women couldn't be priests because of ceremonial uncleanness from menstruation and childbirth (Keener, Belleville).

First egalitarian explanation for the priesthood restriction

Linda Belleville Craig Keener priesthood
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Rebuttal point 1: no Scripture says women couldn't be priests because of monthly cycles. Point 2: women regularly did things unclean people couldn't do.

Refuting the ceremonial uncleanness explanation

priesthood ceremonial uncleanness women in worship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Rebuttal point 3: women had periodic uncleanness but could simply not serve at that time; male priests were also periodically unclean and still served.

Further refutation of the uncleanness explanation

priesthood ceremonial uncleanness male priestly uncleanness
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike fully rejects the ceremonial uncleanness explanation — no merit, no positive verse supporting it, and four-five reasons against it.

Summary rejection of the uncleanness view

egalitarianism priesthood ceremonial uncleanness
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Egalitarian view #2 (Philip Payne): women couldn't be priests to prevent association with cult prostitution (Deuteronomy 23:17).

Second egalitarian explanation for the priesthood restriction

Deuteronomy 23:17 Philip Payne priesthood Deuteronomy 23:17
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Rebuttal: Deuteronomy 23:17 prohibits BOTH male and female cult prostitutes — if this prohibition still allows men to be priests, it doesn't explain excluding women.

Refuting Payne's cult prostitution argument

Deuteronomy 23:17 Philip Payne priesthood Deuteronomy 23:17
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Both egalitarian explanations for the priesthood ban seem forced; Mike wanted to become egalitarian but was driven away by poor Scripture handling.

Assessment of egalitarian priesthood arguments

egalitarianism priesthood discernment
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Mike's conclusion: the male role of authority seems like the best explanation for why women couldn't be priests, consistent with a complementarian reading especially when adding the NT.

Mike's preferred explanation for the priesthood restriction

Genesis 2 complementarianism priesthood Genesis 2
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

Priests were teachers of the law, determined cleanness, mediated between people and God, bore the sins of the people — typologically pointing to Christ.

Functions of the priesthood and typological significance

1 Corinthians 15 Romans 5 typology priesthood 1 Corinthians 15
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The priesthood is the ONLY OT role restriction on women that is clearly by God's design rather than by example — consistent with the complementarian view.

Final distinction on the priesthood

complementarianism priesthood divine command vs. example
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-28

The overall OT flow supports men in highest roles (by example and by priestly demand); next week covers women in the NT.

Transition to next video

priesthood Andronicus and Junia apostleship
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Additional evidence: Titus 1:6, male-only apostles, biblical rules about NT prophecy

Mike stacks additional scriptural evidence for Pillar 2.

1 Corinthians 14 Titus 1:6 1 Corinthians 14 apostleship Titus 1:6
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

OT pattern of male priests, apostles, elders, and husbands — but also male kings with no clear command

Mike examines the pattern of male leadership in scripture.

kings male priesthood male apostles
Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Husbands are NOT the priests of their wives — priesthood of all believers

Mike pushes back against a common complementarian phrase.

1 Peter 2:9 priesthood of all believers husband as priest Reformation
Mike Winger idea 2018-01-24

LDS.org lists requirements for exaltation: obey all commands of God, be baptized, be an LDS member, become a Melchizedek priest, receive temple endowment, marry for time and eternity, and more.

Mike reads the official LDS list of exaltation requirements to show the burden placed on Mormon believers.

LDS.org works-based salvation LDS exaltation requirements
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-21

Catholic debates always ultimately fall back to church authority / Magisterium rather than Scripture

Broader critique of Catholic apologetics methodology

church fathers sola scriptura Catholic apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2018-03-21

Q&A — How to approach a Catholic on purgatory: make salvation and justification the main issue, not purgatory

Practical apologetics advice for engaging Catholics

justification by faith sola fide purgatory
Mike Winger idea 2019-01-30

Hebrews 7:11-12 — change of priesthood necessarily entails a change in the law; Mike argues the OT itself predicted this change

Mike goes to Hebrews 7 as a non-Pauline passage to demonstrate that the OT itself contains the seeds of its own supersession.

Hebrews 7:11-12 Psalm 110 Levitical priesthood Aaron Typology
Mike Winger idea 2020-10-30

Melchizedek question: Is Melchizedek a theophany/Christophany of Jesus, and how does Hebrews know so much about him?

Question from Christian Liang. Mike provides background on Genesis and Hebrews 7.

Hebrews 7 Genesis 14 Psalms 110 Melchizedek Christophany Hebrews 7
Mike Winger idea 2020-10-30

Melchizedekian priesthood continues in Christ as prophesied in Psalm 110:4

Brief mention connecting Psalm 110 to the Hebrews 7 argument about the eternal priesthood.

Psalm 110:4 messianic prophecy Melchizedek Psalm 110:4
Mike Winger idea 2021-01-22

Pronouncing a blessing on others: Hebrews 7:7 and mutual blessing in the body of Christ

Andrej asked whether saying "I bless you" to someone implies a hierarchical superiority that is inappropriate between equals.

Hebrews 7:7 spiritual authority Levitical priesthood Abraham
Mike Winger idea 2021-04-23

Levitical and Aaronic priesthoods explained: Levites served in the tabernacle/temple; Aaron's descendants held the most important priestly roles as a sub-class.

Q3 from Ronald Fish: explain the difference between the Aaronic, Levitical, and Melchizedek priesthoods.

Moses typology Aaron
Mike Winger idea 2021-04-23

Melchizedek is a historical figure who typologically prefigures Christ as king-priest; the Melchizedekian order is non-genealogical and superior to the Levitical system.

Continued Q3 on the Melchizedekian priesthood.

Psalm 110 Genesis (Melchizedek passage) Hebrews (Melchizedek) typology Abraham Psalm 110
Mike Winger idea 2021-04-30

Joseph Smith was a demonstrably false prophet; modern Mormonism is a victim of his fraud.

Question 19 from Evelyn Ellsworth (a Latter-day Saint) about the priesthood of all believers and Mike's denial of fellowship to Mormons.

1 Peter Genesis 50 priesthood of all believers Mormonism 1 Peter
Mike Winger idea 2023-03-17

Why Did God Choose the Tribe of Levi?: Do we know why God chose the tribe of Levi to be the priesthood?

Q&A question: Why Did God Choose the Tribe of Levi?
Mike Winger idea 2024-09-14

Are Believers “Priests”?: What are the implications of believers being called to be "A Holy Priesthood" (1 Peter 2:5)? Does this mean we need to view ourselves as priests?

Q&A question: Are Believers “Priests”?

1 Peter 2:5 Peter 1 Peter 2:5
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