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Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Galatians 4:21 — "you who want to be under the law" addresses those seeking circumcision and Mosaic obedience

Surveying Pauline uses — seventh instance

Galatians 4:21 circumcision Law of Moses fulfillment theology
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The law is not abolished but fulfilled in Christ; the Spirit replaces the external law as the mode of obedience

Positive theological statement of Winger's view

Galatians 5 fruit of the Spirit Law of Moses walking in the Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Galatians 5:18 — "if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law"

Surveying Pauline uses — eighth/ninth instance

Galatians 5:18 Law of Moses under the law Galatians 5:18
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Main conclusion: the phrase "under the law" refutes Torah observance as a Christian obligation

Winger's summary conclusion for the episode

Hebrew Roots Movement Law of Moses Old Testament application
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Romans 7:6 — released from the law to serve in the new way of the Spirit

Final key verse summarizing the new covenant mode of life

Romans 7:6 new covenant Law of Moses Romans 7:6
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Are Hebrew Roots teachers false teachers? Winger extends charity, attributing error to wrong assumptions not bad faith

Q&A: question about false teaching

false teaching 119 Ministries charitable interpretation
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

What is the law of Christ? It is walking in love — the heart of the law as Jesus summarized it

Q&A: Josh Kretchmer asks about the law of Christ

Sermon on the Mount walking in the Spirit law of Christ
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

The Sabbath: Jesus did not abolish it but clarified it; NT passages show Christians are not bound by it

Q&A: question about the Sabbath and lesser commandments

1 Corinthians Colossians Romans 14 1 Corinthians Colossians Romans 14
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Responding to syllogism: judgment for sin requires being under the law

Q&A: Timmy Pine presents a logical argument

logical fallacy grace under the law
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

What does being under the Law of Moses actually entail? An all-or-nothing covenant

Q&A: explaining the scope of Mosaic law

Law of Moses Sabbath Mosaic covenant
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Brief mention of Proverbs 8 and wisdom in creation as a potential future study topic

Q&A: Jesse Cheek asks about Proverbs 8 and wisdom/creation

Proverbs 8 creation Proverbs 8 wisdom Christology
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Was Eve under the law or under grace? Distinguishing pre-Mosaic commands from the Law of Moses

Q&A: Tom Kendrick about Eve

Genesis 3 Genesis 3 Eve grace
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Is 119 Ministries preaching another gospel? Winger says no, after their clarification on salvation by grace through faith alone

Q&A: Castellanos asks if 119 Ministries teaches another gospel

Galatians 1 sola fide Galatians 1 119 Ministries
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Why was Jesus bound to the law? God's holiness requires punishment for sin; Jesus satisfies both justice and mercy

Q&A: Christina Hunt about why Jesus had to die

Psalm 85:10 atonement Jesus under the law holiness of God
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Jewish believers who come to faith in Jesus should expect to continue being very Jewish

Q&A: Rachel asks about present-day Jews and circumcision/law observance

Acts circumcision Acts Jewish believers
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Voluntarily keeping feast days or eating kosher for conscience's sake is acceptable; mandating it for others is wrong

Q&A: lularoe asks if observing feasts/clean eating condemns him

1 Corinthians Romans 14 1 Corinthians Romans 14 Christian liberty
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

How do the Ten Commandments relate to Christians? Against the moral/civil/ceremonial law division

Q&A: Susan and Ron's question about the Ten Commandments today

hermeneutics Law of Moses Old Testament application
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Paul uses OT law as wisdom: Ephesians 5 cites the fifth commandment; the principle rather than the code

Q&A: how NT epistles apply OT law

Ephesians 5 Ephesians 5 Old Testament application Ten Commandments
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Paul applies Deuteronomy's ox-muzzling law as a principle for supporting ministers — typological/principled use of OT law

Q&A: example of principled OT law application

Deuteronomy 25:4 1 Corinthians 9 Deuteronomy 25:4 1 Corinthians 9 law as wisdom
Mike Winger idea 2019-06-05

Upcoming guest: Mike Licona to discuss the Jesus Myth movement

Announcements at end of stream

historical Jesus Mike Licona Jesus Myth movement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Introduction: topic triggered by viewer question and James White announcing he would listen

Mike Winger opens the Wednesday livestream and explains why he went deeper into limited atonement than originally planned; James White tweeting that he would listen prompted more thorough preparation.

James White 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 James White limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Definition of limited atonement: Jesus's death only paid for the sins of the elect

Winger defines limited atonement as the doctrine that God only provided payment for the sins of certain people (the elect), not for all humanity.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Three aspects of the atonement framework: intent, extent, and application

Winger introduces a three-part analytical framework for the atonement, crediting Dr. David Allen for helping him prepare.

atonement intent of atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Comparison chart: limited atonement vs. universal atonement vs. universalism on extent and application

Winger presents a visual chart distinguishing three views based on extent and application of the atonement.

limited atonement TULIP extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Critique: limited atonement is mostly supported by philosophical reasoning, not direct scriptural teaching

Winger argues that most support for limited atonement comes from logical inference from other doctrines, not clear biblical texts.

theological method Scripture authority limited atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 — the Calvinist logical argument for limited atonement from this text

Winger presents the viewer's question and the Calvinist logical argument drawn from 2 Corinthians 5:14-15.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 all have died
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Even granting the Calvinist reading of 2 Cor 5:14, it only affirms Jesus died for the elect — it does not deny he died for others

Winger grants the Calvinist interpretation hypothetically to show it still does not prove limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 fallacy of negative inference
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Fallacy of negative inference illustrated by Galatians 2:20

Winger uses Galatians 2:20 to illustrate that affirming Christ's death for one person or group does not imply he did not die for others.

Galatians 2:20 limited atonement fallacy of negative inference Galatians 2:20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Winger's interpretation of 2 Cor 5:14: 'all' means all humanity in both occurrences — extent universal, application not

Winger presents his positive interpretation of the passage, arguing both uses of 'all' refer to all humanity.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 confirms extent/application distinction within the same passage

Winger looks at the broader context of 2 Corinthians 5 to show that the same passage itself provides the extent-vs-application distinction.

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'The world' in 2 Corinthians 5:19 does not mean the elect — it means the ungodly world

Winger argues that 'world' in v.19 refers to sinners in rebellion, not to a special subset like the elect.

2 Corinthians 5:19 reconciliation extent of atonement 2 Corinthians 5:19
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Universal atonement motivates evangelism; limited atonement undermines the sincere gospel call

Winger argues that Paul's evangelistic appeal in 2 Corinthians 5 flows directly from universal atonement and is inconsistent with limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5 evangelism limited atonement universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Paul's application of the theology confirms the universal-extent, limited-application reading: the missions mandate

How Paul applies his theology tells us what his real theology is; his application is the missions mandate.

2 Corinthians 5:18-20 evangelism limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:18-20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:21 — 'he made him to be sin' reinforces universal atonement

Winger reads verse 21 as a statement about the totality of Christ's sacrifice, consistent with universal extent.

2 Corinthians 5:21 imputation 2 Corinthians 5:21 extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objection: 'all have died' can only be said of the saved — Winger's rebuttal via objective vs. subjective atonement

Winger responds to the objection that 'all have died' is a phrase reserved for those who have received salvation.

2 Corinthians 5:14 imputation all have died 2 Corinthians 5:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objective atonement 2,000 years ago vs. subjective appropriation at conversion

Winger explains how a believer can say they died with Christ even though they were not alive when Jesus died.

objective vs subjective atonement union with Christ conversion
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Colossians 1:20 — 'all things' reconciled through the blood of the cross supports universal extent

Winger turns to Colossians 1:20 as a secondary passage confirming the universal extent of the atonement.

Colossians 1:20 Colossians 1:16-17 Colossians 1:21-23 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Romans 5:18-19 — 'one act of righteousness leads to justification for all men' — universal extent, not universalism

Winger examines Romans 5:18-19 as another text supporting universal atonement but not universalism.

Romans 5:18-19 Romans 5:17 Adam justification universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'Those who receive' in Romans 5:17 conditions justification on reception; Romans 10:13 confirms call-response salvation

Winger highlights the word 'receive' in Romans 5:17 as the hinge that prevents universal atonement from collapsing into universalism.

Romans 5:17 Romans 10:13 faith free will application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

John 1:29 — 'Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world' paired with John 1:12 — universal extent, individual application

Winger cites John 1:29 as a clear statement of universal extent alongside John 1:12 for limited application.

John 1:29 John 1:12 extent of atonement kosmos John 1:29
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 Timothy 4:10 — 'savior of all people, especially those who believe' — extent/application distinction in a single verse

Winger cites 1 Timothy 4:10 as a single verse that encodes the extent/application distinction.

1 Timothy 4:10 extent of atonement application of atonement 1 Timothy 4:10
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Peter 2:1 — Christ bought even false prophets who deny him and face destruction, proving atonement extends beyond the elect

Winger uses 2 Peter 2:1 to demonstrate that Christ purchased those who are clearly not saved, refuting limited atonement.

2 Peter 2:1 false prophets limited atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Summary: multiple scriptures confirm universal extent, non-universal application; rejecting limited atonement does not require leaving Calvinism

Winger wraps up his scriptural case and notes that rejecting limited atonement does not require rejecting Calvinism wholesale.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Dr. David Allen — key scholarly resource on the atonement; two books cited; potential interview guest

Winger credits David Allen as a scholarly resource and potential interview guest on limited atonement.

limited atonement David Allen The Extent of the Atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 2:2 — Jesus is the propitiation for our sins and not for ours only but for the sins of the whole world

Winger introduces 1 John 2:2 as perhaps the strongest single verse against limited atonement.

1 John 2:2 limited atonement kosmos 1 John 2:2
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Calvinist reinterpretation of 1 John 2:2: 'whole world' means Gentile believers scattered abroad, paralleled with John 11:51-52

Winger presents the Calvinist counter-argument that 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2 means people from every nation, not every individual.

1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52 limited atonement 1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'All without distinction' logically entails 'all without exception' — the Calvinist formula collapses

Winger critiques the Calvinist 'all without distinction' formula as self-defeating.

limited atonement kosmos all without distinction vs all without exception
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John's own usage of 'world' across multiple verses defines the term as the ungodly — not scattered believers

Winger grounds the interpretation of 'world' in 1 John 2:2 by examining how the same author uses the word elsewhere in 1 John.

1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13 1 John 4:3-5 kosmos 1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 5:19 — 'the whole world lies under the power of the evil one' clinches the meaning of 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2

Winger uses 1 John 5:19 to confirm 'the whole world' in 1 John 2:2 refers to ungodly humanity.

1 John 2:2 1 John 5:19 extent of atonement 1 John 2:2 propitiation
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Homework challenge: find one verse where kosmos clearly means the elect — D.A. Carson says no such verse exists

Winger issues an exegetical challenge and cites D.A. Carson's agreement.

D.A. Carson limited atonement elect
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