Search — Theology Explorer

Colossians 1:15-18 kephale,head,source,origin,creator,firstborn,preeminence,christology,egalitarian

Colossians 1:15-18

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Colossians 2:16-19 kephale,head,source,nourishment,body,growth,heresy,egalitarian

Colossians 2:16-19

Sections: cross_references, exegesis, greek_analysis

Genesis 2:10 rosh,headwater,source,rivers,Eden,kephale background,egalitarian

Genesis 2:10

Sections: cross_references, exegesis

1 Corinthians 10:16-22 communion,Lord's supper,body of Christ,participation,koinonia,idol worship,table of demons

1 Corinthians 10:16-22

Sections: exegesis

1 Corinthians 11:17-34 communion,Lord's supper,discerning the body,love feast,agape,judgment,selfishness,corporate worship

1 Corinthians 11:17-34

Sections: cross_references, exegesis

Exodus 1:15-22 shiphrah,puah,hebrew midwives,civil disobedience,female courage,pharaoh,women leadership

Exodus 1:15-22

Sections: exegesis

2 Samuel 14:1-24 wise woman of tekoa,joab,women leadership,wisdom,absalom

2 Samuel 14:1-24

Sections: exegesis

Joel 2:28-29 prophecy,Spirit outpouring,daughters,women prophets,Pentecost,egalitarian,Joel,Acts 2,Peter sermon,last days

Joel 2:28-29

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

Numbers 12:1-15 Miriam,Aaron,tsaraat,prophetess,female leadership,WIM,egalitarian,Moses unique mediator,Deborah,Huldah,Micah 6:4

Numbers 12:1-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

διδάσκω (didasko)

to teach

κύριος (kyrios)

lord / master / sir

κεφαλή (kephalē)

head; source/origin; preeminent one

ὑποτύπωσις (hupotyposis)

pattern, prototype, example, outline

προΐστημι (proistemi)

to lead, to manage, to be over, to care for

θεοσέβεια (theosebeia)

godliness, reverence for God

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

הָפַכ לֶגּוֹמֵן (hapax legomenon)

a word used only once in the entire corpus; single-occurrence term

ἀνδρὲς Ἀθηναῖοι (andres athenaioi)

men of Athens (Acts 17:22); plural of anēr used generically for a mixed audience

ἐξουσίαν ἐπί (exousian epi)

authority over (accusative); directional authority phrase in Revelation

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Payne's third argument: father and mother sharing authority over the son before he leaves shows egalitarian parental authority.

Egalitarian argument about shared parental authority

Philip Payne Gen 2:24 parental authority

Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Schreiner's point 4: Adam exercised leadership by naming Eve -- first as 'woman' (isha) in Genesis 2:23, then as 'Eve' in Genesis 3:20.

Complementarian argument #4: naming as authority

Tom Schreiner Gen 2:23 ish

Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Egalitarian contradiction: if 1 Timothy 3:11 has women deacons, it proves women are excluded from elders in 3:1-7

Mike identifies an internal contradiction in egalitarian argumentation.

1 Timothy 3:1-7 1 Timothy 3:11 women deacons internal contradiction eldership

Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Female deacons in the early church focused on ministry to women

Mike provides historical evidence for gender-specific ministry roles.

women's ministry female deacons Apostolic Constitutions

Hebrews 10:19-22 priesthood mediation Hebrews 10:19-22

Hebrews 10:19-22 — believers can enter the holy places directly through Jesus's blood

Mike uses Hebrews to demonstrate that all believers have direct access to God without a mediator.

prophecy argument women speaking publicly

Claim 1 analysis: Women speaking publicly in mixed-gender gatherings is demonstrably true

Mike agrees with the first egalitarian claim derived from prophecy.

Titus 2:3-5 Titus 2:3-5 women's ministry women teaching

Titus 2:3-5 — older women are to teach younger women; a biblical case for women's teaching ministry outside eldership

Mike provides a scriptural example of women teaching in appropriate contexts.

N.T. Wright persecution argument

Video summary — Argument 1: Persecution argument is clearly false

Mike begins his final summary of all five arguments.

Discovering Biblical Equality Rebecca Groothuis Ronald Allen

Rebecca Groothuis and other scholars calling Galatians 3:28 the most important egalitarian text

Mike cites multiple egalitarian scholars to demonstrate the verse's centrality to their position.

Acts 10 Acts 15 1 Corinthians 7:18-20 Peter Acts 10 Jew/Gentile distinctions

Jew/Gentile distinctions continued after conversion: Jews kept the law, Gentiles did not

Mike demonstrates that the Jew/Gentile pair retained functional differences in the early church.

1 Corinthians 7:21-22 1 Corinthians 7:21-22 slave/free distinctions slavery in the Bible

Slave/free distinctions continued: slaves encouraged to be obedient even after conversion

Mike demonstrates that the slave/free pair also retained functional differences.

Exodus Rabbah Beshallach 21:4 Ben Witherington III Madeleine Boucher Seder Eliahu Rabbah 7

Jewish rabbis used similar 'no male and female' language without implying role obliteration

Mike cites ancient Jewish parallels to demonstrate the phrase's cultural meaning was narrower than egalitarians claim.

Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Church history argument: Kathleen Kroeger, founder of Christians for Biblical Equality (CBE)

Mike introduces the church history argument and Kathleen Kroeger's significance.

John Chrysostom John Chrysostom Kathleen Kroeger Christians for Biblical Equality

Mike Winger idea 2022-08-15

Keener claims the NT bases slave obedience on same principles as wifely submission -- but never demonstrates this

Mike addresses the second pillar of the slavery objection.

Craig Keener Kevin Giles NT slavery-marriage parallel

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Paul's second argument: creation order supports head covering (verses 7-10)

Mike identifies the creation-based argument for head coverings.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:7-10 creation order primogeniture Genesis 2

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Payne's view of verse 9: 'woman made for man' only means sexual partnership

Mike further critiques the sexual-partner interpretation.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne internal contradiction 1 Corinthians 11:9

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Egalitarians consistently ignore or absorb verse 9 into verse 8

Mike demonstrates the pattern of egalitarian avoidance of verse 9.

1 Corinthians 11:9 Philip Payne Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 11:9

Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

A.C. Wire's analysis showing the displacement manuscripts are connected

Wire demonstrated that every displacement manuscript is either a Greek-Latin bilingual or Latin text with traceable connections.

manuscript D manuscript F manuscript G

Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Two more key terms: 'en ekklesia' and 'hupotasso' found throughout the context

Mike continues demonstrating the passage's consistency with its surrounding context using Greek terms.

1 Corinthians 14:28 1 Corinthians 14:32 hupotasso Pauline style 1 Corinthians 14:28

Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The disjunctive particle 'e' reinforces rather than refutes what precedes it, shown from Romans 3:28-29

Mike demonstrates how the Greek particle functions using Romans 3:28-29 as an example.

Romans 3:28-29 e/eta (disjunctive particle) Romans 3:28-29 rhetorical reinforcement

Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Teaching Christian doctrine at conferences and Bible colleges — probably permissible

Mike addresses women teaching theology outside Sunday services.

Michael Heiser non-elder teaching Bible college teaching

Mike Winger idea 2024-03-01

Role restrictions are NOT based on women's capacity, intelligence, or gifting

Mike rebuts the idea that women are restricted because they're less capable.

capacity vs role creational distinctions maleness and femaleness

1 Timothy 2:12 apostolic authority 1 Timothy 2:12 epitrepo

Rebuttal: 'I do not permit' is apostolic authority, not mere opinion

Mike and scholars like Douglas Moo and Tom Schreiner argue that epitrepo carries full apostolic weight.

1 Corinthians 7 Mark 5:13 Acts 21:40 1 Corinthians 7 epitrepo word study

Word study on epitrepo (permit) across the New Testament

Mike examines every NT use of epitrepo to determine whether it carries authority or merely expresses personal preference.

Ephesus universal application Andrew Bartlett

Bartlett's jurisdiction argument: Paul's authority was limited and temporal

Mike addresses the claim that Paul's restriction was limited to his own jurisdiction and does not apply universally today.

authenteo Philip Payne Richard Kroeger

Critique of the Kroegers' 'I Suffer Not a Woman'

Mike provides detailed scholarly critique of the Kroegers' influential but problematic book.

Ephesus Artemis cult feminist Ephesus claim

S.M. Baugh's research on women in Ephesus

Mike presents Baugh's historical work demonstrating that Ephesus was not a feminist city.

authenteo Al Wolters Koine Greek

The Atticist movement and its impact on word study

Mike explains the Atticist literary movement and why it complicates the study of authenteo.

1 Timothy 2:12 1 Timothy 2:12 authenteo Al Wolters

Al Wolters' definitive analysis of authenteo evidence

Mike presents Wolters' careful filtering of the evidence for authenteo's meaning.

1 Timothy 3:16 Paul-Timothy relationship 1 Timothy 3:16 theological shorthand

Paul may have used shorthand with Timothy based on shared knowledge

Mike suggests Paul and Timothy had enough shared theological background that Paul could reference complex ideas briefly.