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Theology verse entry

John 5:18-23

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

John 5:18-23 Son equal to Father,John 5,EFS,Trinity,divine prerogatives,honor Son as Father,isos,subordinationism
Theology greek term

αὐθεντέω (authenteo)

to domineer / to usurp authority

greek
Theology greek term

διδάσκω (didasko)

to teach

greek
Theology greek term

ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω (heterodidaskaleo)

to teach differently / to teach strange doctrine

greek
Theology greek term

ἐπισκοπή (episkopē)

office, oversight, supervision

greek
Theology greek term

κενόω (kenoō)

to empty; used reflexively of Christ's self-emptying (Phil 2:7)

greek
Theology greek term

κεφαλή (kephalē)

head; source/origin; preeminent one

greek
Theology greek term

διακρίνω (diakrino)

to discern, to evaluate, to judge

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνήρ/γυνή (aner/gyne)

man/woman OR husband/wife

greek
Theology greek term

צֵלָע (tsela)

side, rib, architectural side-chamber

greek
Theology greek term

ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō)

to subject, to submit, to place under

greek
Theology greek term

παραδίδωμι (paradidōmi)

to hand over, deliver up, give over

greek
Theology greek term

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

greek
Theology greek term

λαλέω (laleo)

to speak, to talk, to proclaim; general word for verbal expression

greek
Theology greek term

αὐτοδικεῖν (autodikein)

to plead one's own cause; to act as one's own advocate (Attic Greek equivalent of authentein)

greek
Theology greek term

λαμβάνω (lambano)

to take, to receive, to accept; foundational verb of reception and appropriation

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχηγός (archēgos)

originator, author, pioneer, founder, trailblazing leader

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Romans 5:19 shows the New Testament consistently assigns Adam primary responsibility for the fall, even though Eve ate first.

NT evidence for Adam's greater accountability

Rom 5:19 Adam's primary responsibility federal headship
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Genesis 4:7 as the strongest parallel: nearly identical Hebrew to Gen 3:16 -- sin's 'desire' is to control Cain, and he must 'rule over' it. This is about control, not intimacy.

Key cross-reference for interpreting Gen 3:16

Gen 3:16 teshukah mashal
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Complementarian vs. egalitarian views on women's roles summarized

Mike recaps the two major positions before diving into the evidence.

1 Timothy women in ministry complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Additional arguments against host-as-leader: Timothy/Titus appointing elders, reductio ad absurdum examples

Mike piles on counter-evidence to the host-as-leader claim.

Titus 1 John hosting vs. leading Timothy Titus
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Women were church planters and evangelists; laboring 'in the gospel' points to evangelism

Mike draws positive conclusions about women's ministry scope from the terminology.

Priscilla Aquila women evangelists
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Fishing analogy: egalitarians reel in 'false positives' for women in leadership

Mike uses an analogy to describe the egalitarian evidence pattern.

false positives in exegesis egalitarian evidence critique
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Titus 2:3: 'older women' uses a different Greek word (presbytis), not the elder office term

Mike addresses a less common egalitarian proof text.

Titus 2:3-5 presbuteros Titus 2:3-5 presbytis
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Xenophon's Cyropaedia: Cyrus limits the carrier to the letter's content, not expanding authority

Mike examines the second ancient source.

letter carrier as teacher ancient letter customs Xenophon
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

No proven ancient custom of letter carriers as teachers; practical challenges to the view

Mike concludes his examination of the letter-carrier argument.

Phoebe letter carrier as teacher ancient letter customs
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Keener's third argument: Greek church fathers and modern scholars agree Junia was an apostle

Mike considers this the weightiest of Keener's three arguments.

Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom Craig Keener Romans 16:7 John Chrysostom
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Option 1: Junia as highest-sense apostle (like Peter or Paul)

Mike examines the strongest possible egalitarian reading.

Romans 16:7 Junia apostolic authority Romans 16:7
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Female deacons in the early church focused on ministry to women

Mike provides historical evidence for gender-specific ministry roles.

women's ministry female deacons Apostolic Constitutions
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Junia was female — the debate is largely settled

Mike addresses the gender of Junia.

Junia Junias gender of Junia
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer-Wallace thesis: consensus arrived at with thin evidence

Mike presents the paper's opening claim.

Daniel Wallace Michael Burer Daniel Wallace scholarly consensus formation
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Analogy: scholarly assumption that Jesus didn't speak Greek

Mike draws a parallel to another uncritically absorbed scholarly assumption.

Jesus speaking Greek Peter Williams scholarly assumptions
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer-Wallace: 'snowballing dogma with little substance at its core'

Mike quotes from the paper's critique of the consensus.

Burer-Wallace paper (2001) lexical evidence syntactical evidence
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Lexical evidence: episemos can mean either 'well-known among' or 'well-known to'

Mike explains the lexical analysis from the paper.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 episemos/episemoi inclusive vs exclusive reading
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Bauckham's key criticisms of Burer-Wallace

Mike summarizes Bauckham's main points.

Burer-Wallace paper (2001) Richard Bauckham Gospel Women
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Bauckham reevaluated examples but brought no new counter-evidence

Mike notes a limitation in Bauckham's rebuttal.

church fathers Richard Bauckham scholarly methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Michael Burer's 2015 response paper with new evidence

Mike introduces a third round of scholarly debate that he thinks is underappreciated.

Romans 16:7 Linda Belleville Romans 16:7 Michael Burer
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Burer's 2015 paper brings 71 new supporting texts

Mike details the new evidence Burer marshals.

Romans 16:7 Romans 16:7 Michael Burer Burer 2015 paper
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's conclusion: no female apostles in the official high-leadership sense

Mike summarizes the positive data section.

women as apostles apostolic office egalitarian arguments refuted
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's experience researching egalitarian scholarship: layers of confusion

Mike shares his personal intellectual journey through the literature.

complementarianism egalitarian scholarship critique research methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Unfalsifiability problem: can we distinguish God's design from cultural accommodation?

Mike challenges the egalitarian method at its core.

cultural accommodation unfalsifiable theory God's design for leadership
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Jesus chose apostles unlikely to be culturally accepted

Mike argues Jesus did not choose apostles based on cultural acceptability.

Matthew/tax collector Jesus' choice of apostles Matthew/tax collector Galilean fishermen
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Women traveled with Jesus and supported him financially

Mike cites biblical evidence that women were already traveling with Jesus.

Matthew 27:55-56 women following Jesus Matthew 27:55-56 women supporting Jesus financially
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Soft complementarianism is Mike's conclusion from the evidence

Mike names his overall position.

soft complementarianism elder restriction
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Pliny's letter to Trajan: early evidence of female deaconesses (c. 110 AD)

Mike provides extra-biblical historical evidence for female deacons.

Pliny the Younger Emperor Trajan Pliny's letter to Trajan
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Five egalitarian arguments previewed; first two are weak, last three are stronger

Mike previews the five arguments he will cover: persecution, rabbi-training, universal priesthood, prophecy, and spiritual gifts. He says the first two are weak but the last three challenged him and offer corrections for complementarians.

soft complementarianism complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Conclusion on persecution argument: being persecuted proves you are a Christian, not a leader

Mike's conclusion: the NT context never says persecution implies important leadership. It just implies being a Christian.

persecution argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

1 Corinthians 11 gives rules for how women should prophesy in public gatherings; Acts 2 / Joel 2 declares sons and daughters shall prophesy

Key NT evidence that women prophesied publicly in church gatherings.

1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 Joel 2 1 Corinthians 11 Acts 2 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Summary of gifts argument: women likely have teaching/leadership gifts, no scripture limits those gifts by gender, but limitations are on who can be an elder specifically

Mike summarizes his conclusions from the gifts argument.

eldership spiritual gifts argument
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