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Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Matthew 28:18-20 — baptism follows discipleship/belief, not precedes it

Winger examines the Great Commission to establish the pattern for baptism in the NT.

Matthew 28:18-20 Great Commission discipleship baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Part 2: Introduction to the household baptism argument for infant baptism

Winger presents the paedo-baptist household baptism case charitably before critiquing it.

Acts Acts infant baptism paedobaptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Acts 16:15: Lydia's household baptism — likely no infants present given her context as a traveling businesswoman

Examination of the Lydia household baptism passage and contextual clues.

Acts 16:15 Acts 16:14 Lydia Acts 16:15 Acts 16:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

1 Corinthians 1:16 and 16:15 — Stephanas's household: all converts who devoted themselves to service, not infants

Examination of the Stephanas household baptism reference in Paul's Corinthian correspondence.

1 Corinthians 1:16 1 Corinthians 16:15 Stephanas infant baptism household baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Three additional passages show "household" belief language does not imply infants: John 4:53, Acts 18:8, Philippians 4:22

Winger broadens the argument to show that household believing/greeting language consistently excludes passive infants.

John 4:53 Acts 18:8 Philippians 4:22 faith infant baptism John 4:53
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Conclusion on household baptisms: infant baptism has no examples or instructions in the NT; household passages fall short

Winger summarizes his findings from Part 2 before moving to the circumcision argument.

biblical inspiration infant baptism believers baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Part 3: The circumcision-baptism parallel argument for infant baptism introduced

Winger introduces the strongest paedo-baptist argument: baptism parallels circumcision as a covenant sign.

baptism covenant circumcision
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Even granting that baptism parallels circumcision as a covenant sign, differences undermine the infant baptism inference

Winger grants the circumcision-as-covenant-sign parallel arguendo and then examines whether it actually supports infant baptism.

typology baptism covenant
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Circumcision-baptism parallel breaks down on multiple fronts: faith requirement, compulsion, and gender exclusivity

Winger extends the critique of the circumcision-baptism parallel by pressing its internal inconsistencies.

Lydia faith baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Circumcision and baptism share similarity as outward covenant signs but this similarity does not license importing infant practice

Summary of the circumcision argument section.

typology baptism covenant
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Part 4: Luke 18:15-16 — "Let the children come" has nothing to do with baptism

Winger addresses a verse sometimes used to support infant baptism.

John MacArthur Luke 18:15-16 John MacArthur infant baptism Luke 18:15-16
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Part 5: Church history arguments for infant baptism should not override Scripture

Winger addresses the appeal to church tradition as evidence for infant baptism.

Mark 7:8 biblical authority church history tradition
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Sola Scriptura: tradition must be tested by Scripture, not used to trump it

Winger articulates his methodological principle for handling church tradition claims.

Mark 7:8 biblical authority church tradition theological method
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Practical pastoral counsel: baptized as infant → get believers' baptism; already baptized your child → let them choose later

Winger offers pastoral guidance for common situations arising from the infant baptism debate.

baptism infant baptism believers baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Institutionalizing infant baptism in a church normalizes a practice with no scriptural grounding

Winger closes his main argument by noting the ecclesiological stakes of adopting infant baptism as a church practice.

ecclesiology Sola Scriptura church practice
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Age of accountability is not a fixed age but individualized — God knows each person's capacity

Winger briefly addresses the age of accountability question from the live chat.

infant salvation divine judgment age of accountability
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Adding baptism as a requirement for salvation nullifies grace — Galatians 2:21 parallel

Winger responds to a question about whether requiring baptism for salvation amounts to nullifying grace.

Galatians 2:21 Ephesians 2 salvation grace works
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Minimum age for baptism is not fixed — the NT criterion is belief, which varies by individual

A viewer asks what minimum age Winger would set for baptism.

faith baptism believers baptism
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Women receiving Communion — implied by context of 1 Corinthians and the general gathered assembly

A viewer attempts a parallel argument: women are not explicitly shown receiving Communion in Scripture yet no one denies it.

1 Corinthians 1 Corinthians discipleship Communion
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Church history argument (1,500 years) fails — selective, skips earliest centuries, and John 16:13 is misapplied

A viewer invokes 1,500 years of church tradition and Christ's promise in John 16:13 to argue for infant baptism.

John 16:13 church history tradition Sola Scriptura
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: James 2 and the relationship between works and faith — a different question from Galatians/Romans

A viewer asks about the distinction between works in Paul versus James.

Romans James 2 Galatians Romans James 2 justification
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Infants born guilty of Adam's sin — paedo-baptism response creates unsolvable problems

A viewer asks whether original sin justifies baptizing infants.

original sin grace free will
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: False conversion followed by genuine salvation — should the person be re-baptized?

A viewer asks about someone who was baptized during a false conversion and then genuinely saved.

assurance of salvation baptism pastoral counsel
Mike Winger idea 2019-07-31

Q&A: Baptism represents the remission of sins; it does not save — people are saved before being baptized in Scripture

A final Q&A question asks why we get baptized and whether it is for remission of sins.

Cornelius salvation baptism
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Background: Winger recently debated Pastor Emilio Ramos on apologetic methodology at Living Waters

Personal context explaining why the topic is fresh, and why the episode was created on short notice

Living Waters apologetic methodology Emilio Ramos
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

The inner witness of the Holy Spirit gives Christians warrant regardless of external evidence

Explaining how the witness of the Spirit functions as epistemic justification independent of external arguments

epistemology faith and reason warrant
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Credit to William Lane Craig's article in Five Views on Apologetics for the knowing/showing framework

Attribution of intellectual source material

William Lane Craig knowing vs. showing apologetic methodology
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

When showing Christianity to others, only external evidence and arguments are available, not the Spirit's witness

Explaining the asymmetry between knowing and showing in evangelism/apologetics

evangelism prophecy knowing vs. showing
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

1 John 5:9-10: the witness of God is greater than the witness of men; believers have it in themselves

Biblical grounding for the epistemological framework; key proof text for the witness of the Spirit

1 John 5:9-10 testimony epistemology witness of the Holy Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Nearly all human knowledge rests on testimony from credible witnesses, not direct personal observation

Defending testimony as a valid epistemological category in response to empiricist objections

testimony epistemology faith and reason
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

The German student scenario: a Christian surrounded by hostile scholarship still has warrant through the Spirit

Thought experiment to test the view's robustness in adverse intellectual environments

epistemology demythologization warrant
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

It is epistemically wrong to require Christians to answer every argument or question before their faith is valid

Critique of the epistemic standard often imposed by internet atheism

atheism epistemology faith and reason
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Internet atheism often operates by demanding unanswerable questions rather than engaging arguments honestly

Sociological and spiritual observation about common atheist engagement tactics

atheism epistemology witness of the Holy Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Elijah on Mount Carmel: biblical example of knowing vs. showing — he knew God was real, he showed others through evidence

Old Testament narrative case study illustrating the knowing/showing distinction

1 Kings 18 Elijah 1 Kings 18 Mount Carmel
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Classical, evidential, and cumulative case apologetics are all valid; tailor them to the individual

Practical synthesis of different apologetic frameworks under the knowing/showing distinction

cumulative case apologetics apologetic methodology evidentialism
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Jeremiah 28:9: the test of a true prophet is whether his words come to pass — an evidential approach to prophetic verification

Third OT narrative example of knowing vs. showing, this time about prophetic credentials

Jeremiah Jeremiah 28:9 Jeremiah prophecy miracles as evidence
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

1 Corinthians 15:3-8: the apostles argued historically for the resurrection by listing eyewitnesses

NT case study showing apostles using evidential showing to establish what they already knew

1 Corinthians 15:3-8 1 Corinthians 15:3-8 eyewitness testimony knowing vs. showing
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Christians who struggle to sense the Spirit's witness still have access to evidence as a support, and doubt often traces to sin

Pastoral application for doubting Christians

Romans 1 1 Thessalonians 5:19 Romans 1 sin witness of the Holy Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Mature Christians who feel no need for apologetics are spiritually healthy, not deficient

Reframing common apologetics-community frustration with Christians who seem uninterested in evidence

apologetics spiritual maturity witness of the Holy Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

This view is not fideism; the Spirit's internal witness is genuine evidence, and the Spirit converts — not arguments

Responding to the charge that elevating the Spirit's witness over external evidence is mere fideism

epistemology conversion fideism
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Messianic believers who add Torah observance as a requirement for salvation are condemned by Galatians 1

Q&A: brief assessment of Messianic Judaism

Galatians 1 Galatians 1 soteriology Torah
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Assurance of salvation can fluctuate but does not determine a Christian's actual standing before God

Q&A: personal and pastoral reflections on assurance of salvation

1 John 3 1 John 4 assurance of salvation soteriology 1 John 3
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Gospel-level error requires breaking fellowship; lesser errors require wisdom and church leadership

Q&A: pastoral guidance on when doctrinal disagreement becomes a fellowship-breaking issue

1 Corinthians 1 Corinthians church discipline fellowship
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Christians without a local church should attend an imperfect one rather than stay home; Hebrews commands gathering

Q&A: pastoral guidance for Christians who cannot find a theologically sound local church

Hebrews ecclesiology Hebrews church attendance
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

The parable of the sower is about receptivity to the Word, not apologetic methodology

Q&A: whether the parable of the sower supports presuppositionalism over other methods

presuppositionalism apologetic methodology parable of the sower
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Michael Heiser's divine council work is valuable but Winger has reservations about core claims

Q&A: brief evaluation of Michael Heiser's scholarship

Michael Heiser Old Testament theology divine council
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

God's severe OT judgments are iconic examples of how extreme sin is, not normative patterns; wrath is mostly being delayed

Q&A: explaining the apparent harshness of divine judgment in the OT vs. NT

Romans 1-2 Joshua 7 divine judgment Romans 1-2 wrath of God
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Presuppositionalism is not simply the transcendental argument; it assumes God without argument from the outset

Q&A: clarifying a common misunderstanding of presuppositionalism

presuppositionalism apologetic methodology classical apologetics
Mike Winger idea 2020-01-29

Tithing at 10% is not a biblical New Testament requirement, though generous giving absolutely is

Q&A: whether the tithe is biblically mandated for Christians

New Covenant tithing Old Testament law
Mike Winger idea 2020-08-28

Scriptural language about things not being "remembered" in heaven means no bitter grief, not literal loss of memory

Side note during the heaven/marriage question, addressing a teaching that people will have no memories in heaven based on Isaiah.

Revelation Isaiah biblical hermeneutics Revelation Isaiah
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