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All (350) Mike Winger (350)
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Mike's personal journey: he wanted to become egalitarian, prioritized egalitarian scholarship, read Philip Payne and Linda Belleville, but did not change his mind.

Mike's personal stance and research journey

soft complementarianism Philip Payne Linda Belleville
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Linda Belleville's argument: Genesis 2 speaks of order and source, not authority -- Mike's rebuttal: these aren't mutually exclusive; primogeniture is precisely about order implying authority.

Egalitarian counter-argument from Belleville

Linda Belleville Gen 2 order and source
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Margaret MacDonald's claim: Nympha was a key leader across the Lycus Valley churches

Mike traces Belleville's footnote source.

Nympha Margaret MacDonald Lycus Valley
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Wayne Meeks (The First Urban Christians) -- Belleville's own source refutes her position

Mike traces Belleville's scholarly source for the host-as-leader claim.

Linda Belleville hosting vs. leading scholarly methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Keener's sources examined: 1 Maccabees 12:23 does not support letter-carrier-as-teacher

Mike examines Keener's footnoted sources one by one.

Craig Keener letter carrier as teacher 1 Maccabees 12:23
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Xenophon's Cyropaedia: Cyrus limits the carrier to the letter's content, not expanding authority

Mike examines the second ancient source.

letter carrier as teacher ancient letter customs Xenophon
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville stretches by claiming women are 'readily labeled deacons' -- pluralizing a single case

Mike critiques Belleville's overstatement about Phoebe.

Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry Phoebe
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's footnote 61 sources examined: 1 Corinthians 16:15-18 -- no women deacons found

Mike checks Belleville's first footnoted verse for her 'readily labeled' claim.

1 Corinthians 16:15-18 Linda Belleville diakonia 1 Corinthians 16:15-18
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Philip Payne's claim: Phoebe was Paul's personal leader based on 'prostatis' in Romans 16:2

Mike examines an extraordinary claim about Phoebe's role.

Romans 16:2 Philip Payne Phoebe prostatis
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

LSJ vs. BDAG on prostatis: wrong lexicon used; BDAG says 'patron/benefactor,' not 'leader'

Mike identifies a significant lexical error in Payne's argument.

Philip Payne prostatis LSJ lexicon
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-09

Mike's experience researching egalitarian scholarship: layers of confusion

Mike shares his personal intellectual journey through the literature.

complementarianism egalitarian scholarship critique research methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Mike spent 12 hours searching for Kenneth Bailey's source material and could not find it

N.T. Wright's citation of Kenneth Bailey has no footnotes or bibliography. Mike tried to find Bailey's original argument in his books, papers, and Google Scholar.

N.T. Wright Kenneth Bailey scholarly sourcing
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Acts 22:3 — Paul 'at the feet of Gamaliel' does not prove everyone who sat at a teacher's feet became a rabbi

Mike questions whether the phrase necessarily means rabbinical training for every person who used it.

Acts 22:3 Acts 22:3 sat at the feet Gamaliel
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Pushback 2: If the Holy Spirit is the source of the gender limitation, then ignoring it removes the Spirit's sovereign call

Grenz claims gender restrictions remove the Spirit's sovereign call. Mike flips this argument.

Stanley Grenz eldership qualifications sovereignty of the Spirit
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Mike invites substantive, detailed critique rather than vague pushback

Mike asks critics to provide specific claims, sources, and evidence when challenging his arguments.

methodology
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

N.T. Wright's argument sourced from Kenneth Bailey who based it on cultural parallels

The persecution argument relies on Kenneth Bailey's claim that persecution of women only makes sense if they were leaders, based on 'cultural parallels.'

N.T. Wright Surprised by Scripture Kenneth Bailey
Mike Winger idea 2022-05-30

Mike spent 12 hours searching for Bailey's source; read two of his books and papers on Google Scholar

Mike attempted rigorous scholarly verification of Wright's cited source.

N.T. Wright Kenneth Bailey source verification
Mike Winger idea 2022-06-20

Decision to focus analysis on Cynthia Westfall's chapter in Discovering Biblical Equality

Mike explains why he chose Westfall's work as the primary egalitarian argument to engage.

Philip Payne Discovering Biblical Equality Cynthia Long Westfall
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Egalitarian claim: kephale means 'source' only, not authority; complementarian claim: it includes authority

Mike lays out the two positions in the debate.

kephale complementarianism egalitarianism
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Medical argument introduced: ancient Greeks believed the heart, not the head, controlled the body

Mike introduces the first egalitarian argument — the medical claim.

medical argument ancient Greek medicine head-body metaphor
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Bible study argument introduced: Paul's context in 1 Corinthians 11 and Ephesians does not imply authority

Mike introduces the third egalitarian argument — the contextual/exegetical claim.

1 Corinthians 11 Ephesians 5 1 Corinthians 11 Ephesians 5 contextual argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Greek/lexical argument introduced: kephale means 'source' in Greek, not authority — the 'battle of the lexicons'

Mike introduces the fourth and largest egalitarian argument — the Greek lexical claim.

kephale lexical argument battle of the lexicons
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Mike's personal journey: initially found egalitarian arguments persuasive before deeper research revealed problems

Mike describes his own research trajectory on the headship question.

research methodology footnote verification
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Rebecca Groothuis claims the head was not seen as the seat of reasoning; the heart governed the body

Mike presents Rebecca Groothuis's medical argument from her book 'Good News for Women.'

Ephesians 4:15-16 Colossians 2:19 Good News for Women Rebecca Groothuis medical argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Stephen Bedale's 1954 article: the origin of the 'head means source' argument

Mike traces the medical argument back to its scholarly origin.

kephale medical argument Stephen Bedale
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Payne's Plato citation backfires: Plato actually says the heart is subservient to the head/reason

Mike examines the actual Plato passage Payne cites and finds it says the opposite of what Payne claims.

Philip Payne Plato Timaeus
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Egalitarian scholars echo each other's errors, tracing back to Bedale's short article

Mike critiques the pattern of egalitarian scholars citing each other rather than primary sources.

Stephen Bedale scholarly echo chamber citation practices
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Conclusion on medical argument: ancient medical views support head implying authority, not the egalitarian position

Mike summarizes the medical argument section.

Clinton Arnold Jesus of Nazareth: Lord and Christ medical argument conclusion
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Contextual/Bible study argument: Ronald Pierce and Rebecca Merrill Groothuis claim Paul only reinforces 'source/provision,' not authority

Mike presents the egalitarian contextual argument from Discovering Biblical Equality.

Ephesians Colossians kephale Rebecca Merrill Groothuis Discovering Biblical Equality
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

The either/or fallacy: egalitarians assume kephale means source OR authority, never both

Mike identifies a key logical error in the egalitarian argument.

kephale either/or fallacy totality transfer
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Pierce and Groothuis's claim that Paul 'only reinforces source/provision' is contradicted by the biblical evidence

Mike summarizes his rebuttal of the contextual argument.

Discovering Biblical Equality Ronald Pierce contextual argument rebuttal
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Cohick's either/or: she does not acknowledge kephale could mean both source and leader

Mike critiques Cohick's framing of the lexical evidence.

Lynn Cohick logical fallacy both source and authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Metaphorical meanings of kephale: literal, headlong, whole person, extremity, prominent part, conclusion, authority

Mike catalogs all the possible metaphorical meanings of kephale.

kephale semantic range metaphorical meanings
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Paul regularly uses 'head' to imply authority for both Christ and husbands — the context is abundantly clear

Mike states his conclusion on the Bible study/contextual argument.

kephale complementarianism contextual argument conclusion
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Kroeger's selective Chrysostom quote: she omits sentences before, after, and within the passage

Mike examines how Kroeger presents Chrysostom's words.

John Chrysostom John Chrysostom Kathleen Kroeger Wayne Grudem
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Full Chrysostom quote: 'thou art the head of the woman... let the head regulate the rest of the body' — Chrysostom strongly supports headship as authority

Mike reads the full Chrysostom passage that Kroeger selectively quoted.

John Chrysostom John Chrysostom head commands the body steersman metaphor
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Lexical claims introduced: Lynn Cohick says lexicons in the 19th-20th centuries suggested 'source' but not 'leader'

Mike introduces the final and largest section — the lexical/Greek argument.

kephale Lynn Cohick lexical argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

BDAG lexicon (2000): kephale denotes 'superior rank,' cites 1 Cor 11:3 and Eph 5:23; no mention of 'source'

Mike surveys the most respected NT lexicon first.

1 Corinthians 11:3 Ephesians 5:23 kephale BDAG 1 Corinthians 11:3
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Word Study Dictionary of the NT (1993): kephale means 'head, chief one to whom others are subordinate'

Mike surveys the second lexicon.

kephale Word Study Dictionary of the NT chief/subordinate
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Louw-Nida lexicon: kephale means 'one of supreme or preeminent status in view of authority to order or command'

Mike surveys the Louw-Nida semantic domain lexicon.

1 Corinthians 11:3 kephale 1 Corinthians 11:3 Louw-Nida
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Lexham Theological Wordbook: kephale refers to 'those who are of high status' — no mention of source

Mike surveys the Lexham Theological Wordbook.

kephale Lexham Theological Wordbook high status
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

DBL Dictionary of Biblical Languages (2001): kephale means 'superior, one of preeminent status'

Mike surveys the DBL lexicon.

1 Corinthians 11:3 Ephesians 4:15 kephale 1 Corinthians 11:3 DBL Dictionary
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Exegetical Dictionary of the NT (1990): kephale refers to 'hierarchy of God, Christ, man, woman' — sovereignty in Eph 5:23

Mike surveys the EDNT.

Ephesians 5:23 kephale hierarchy Ephesians 5:23
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Greek-English Dictionary of the NT (1993): kephale means 'lord, head of superior rank'

Mike surveys the GED.

kephale Greek-English Dictionary of the NT lord/superior rank
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

LEH Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint (2003): kephale means 'leader' — no mention of source

Mike surveys the LEH Septuagint lexicon.

kephale Septuagint LEH Septuagint Lexicon
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

NASB Concordance: kephale means 'chief' — no mention of source

Mike surveys the NASB concordance.

kephale NASB Concordance
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Analytical Lexicon of the Greek NT (2000): kephale means 'first or superior rank' — cites 1 Cor 11:3

Mike surveys the Analytical Lexicon.

1 Corinthians 11:3 kephale 1 Corinthians 11:3 Analytical Lexicon of the Greek NT
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Pocket Lexicon of NT Greek (1917): kephale means 'head, ruler, or lord' — cites 1 Cor 11:3

Mike surveys the oldest lexicon in his sample.

kephale Pocket Lexicon of NT Greek ruler/lord
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

Enhanced Strong's Lexicon (1995): kephale means 'supreme, chief, prominent; master, lord' of husbands

Mike surveys the Enhanced Strong's Lexicon.

kephale Enhanced Strong's Lexicon master/lord
Mike Winger idea 2022-07-18

LSJ lexicon (1996 supplement): lists 'source' as possible meaning (for rivers) and 'noblest part' — does not cite any NT passages

Mike arrives at the one lexicon egalitarians rely on most.

kephale LSJ (Liddell-Scott-Jones) source meaning for rivers
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