Search — Theology Explorer

Craig Keener cultural bowing idolatry as primary accusation

Summary of 'maybe' chain problems in Keener's cultural argument

Mike recaps the weakness of Keener's cultural-bowing case.

Craig Keener Paul, Women and Wives Paul's imprisonment

Keener's conclusion: Paul wrote household codes as long-range Roman cultural defense

Mike quotes Keener's concluding summary on the cultural argument.

1 Peter 3 Craig Keener Christianity seen as Judaism Plutarch

Christianity was seen as Jewish -- household codes were not the primary cultural threat

Mike adds another historical argument against the cultural-defense theory.

Craig Keener Aristotle household codes

Keener gives only one ancient source (Aristotle's Politics) for slavery-marriage connection

Mike investigates Keener's evidence from ancient household codes.

complementarianism submission not oppression co-heirs in Christ

Final conclusions: Biblical submission is not oppression when paired with husband's Christ-like love

Mike delivers his final summary.

women in ministry charitable debate

Real believers exist on both sides, but the issue still matters.

Framing the tone of the debate

women in ministry presuppositions hermeneutics

Summary of video 1: removing obstacles and presuppositions that cause people to bypass the Bible on this topic.

Recap of previous videos in the series

Genesis 2 Genesis 1 Genesis 3 dominion Genesis 2 husband leadership

Summary of video 2: Genesis 1-3 establishes husband's leadership in relation to his wife, but not men over women generally.

Recap of previous videos in the series

Genesis 1 image of God dominion Genesis 1

Genesis 1 recap: women are made in God's image and have authority to subdue creation just as men do.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 1

1 Timothy 2 Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 11:9-10 creation order pre-fall leadership 1 Timothy 2

Genesis 2 recap: six indicators of Adam's pre-fall leadership over Eve.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 2

Genesis 3 Genesis 3:16 creation order Genesis 3 Genesis 3:16

Genesis 3 recap: the curse does not initiate role distinctions; it brings difficulty into pre-existing ones.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions on Genesis 3

Genesis 2 hermeneutics cumulative case original audience

Recap: Mike rejects the 'helper' argument and the 'serpent subverted leadership pattern' argument, but affirms the cumulative force of Genesis 2 indicators.

Detailed summary of video 2 conclusions

Genesis 2 image of God dominion Genesis 2

Summary conclusion so far: husband's authority is pre-fall and part of God's design, but it should not limit women's dominion over creation.

Final recap before moving into new material

Linda Belleville Miriam egalitarian methodology

You can't say Miriam was 'at the helm'; egalitarian works survey unfamiliar OT material and magnify it beyond recognition.

Summary critique of egalitarian OT methodology

Conclusions on Miriam: some degree of leadership, not like Moses, rebuked for pushing for more, not a priest, leadership sometimes focused on women and connected to prophecy.

Summary conclusions on Miriam

Moses priesthood Miriam

judges Judges 5 Deborah judges Judges 5

Conclusions on Deborah: she was a leader (not priest/king/military leader) but a judge and prophet; she had less leadership than other judges in some ways.

Summary conclusions on Deborah

1 Kings 21 egalitarianism Jezebel Ahab

Jezebel: one egalitarian argues she ruled with more authority than her husband Ahab, and her role was 'accepted.'

Examining Jezebel as an egalitarian example

Deborah complementarianism women in politics

Women holding political power (judge, queen, town representative) doesn't seem ruled out but does seem limited by example; the question is what the limits are.

Summary on women in political power in the OT

egalitarianism priesthood ceremonial uncleanness

Mike fully rejects the ceremonial uncleanness explanation — no merit, no positive verse supporting it, and four-five reasons against it.

Summary rejection of the uncleanness view

judges Deborah Old Testament women prophetess

Summary of what women were in the OT: town representatives, queens with limited authority, one judge for decades, prophets with clear divine approval.

Final summary of women's roles in the OT

Deborah military leadership kings

What women were NOT in the OT: not kings (no positive examples of approved female rule at the highest level), not military leaders.

Final summary of women's absence from certain roles

women in ministry methodology comprehensive biblical view

Mike's goal is not a summary of what to think, but a thorough, comprehensive biblical view that navigates all relevant debates.

Closing remarks on methodology

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

Question 6: What does Paul want women to do? Wear coverings for headship, creation order, and universal custom

Mike applies conclusions to women's instructions.

1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9 1 Corinthians 11:16 1 Corinthians 11:3 1 Corinthians 11:8-9

Mike Winger idea 2022-11-11

How the testicle view does NOT fit 1 Corinthians 11: five additional problems

Mike presents his own challenges to the view from the passage itself.

peribolaion Preston Massie testicle theory refuted

Anthony Thiselton P46 manuscript D

Anthony Thiselton's summary of the manuscript evidence

Mike quotes scholar Anthony Thiselton summarizing which manuscripts have the verses in which location.

Gordon Fee interpolation theory D.A. Carson

D.A. Carson's assessment of Gordon Fee's interpolation argument

Mike quotes Carson's famous evaluation of Fee's position on this passage.

1 Corinthians 12:2 Priscilla Apollos apostolic doctrine

Problem with the education view: women were not so education-deprived in Christian context

Mike challenges the assumption that Corinthian women were significantly less educated than men in matters relevant to church.

1 Corinthians 14:37 1 Corinthians 14:39-40 1 Corinthians 14:37 1 Corinthians 14:39-40 prophetic context

Only the judging prophecy view properly accounts for the prophetic context running through the entire passage

Mike shows prophecy is the continuous context from verse 29 through the end of the chapter.

Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 elder/overseer/bishop

Elders as the only universal biblical ongoing office with authority

Mike provides scriptural evidence for the elder/overseer role as the primary authority structure in the church.

1 Timothy 3 1 Corinthians 11 Titus 1 1 Timothy 3 1 Corinthians 11 Titus 1

Summary of why the judging prophecy view is superior: answering all four key questions

Mike walks through the advantages of the judging prophecy view over all other views.

1 Timothy 2:12 methodology women in ministry series 1 Timothy 2:12

This video is Part 13, the final video assembling all puzzle pieces from prior 12 videos

Mike explains the relationship between this summary/application video and the previous detailed videos in the series.

complementarianism egalitarianism patriarchalism

Mike's overall conclusions: egalitarians fundamentally wrong, patriarchalists peripherally wrong

Mike gives his summary verdict on the three positions.

role differences egalitarianism abuse

Egalitarians are fundamentally wrong about role differences but peripherally correct about abuse

Mike provides a nuanced summary of where egalitarians are right and wrong.

Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 15:22 Romans 5:14-19 ezer Genesis 2 1 Corinthians 15:22

Adam bears primary responsibility for sin — 1 Corinthians 15:22 and Romans 5:14-19

Mike argues Adam's greater representational role and accountability shows his greater authority.

application three pillars sub-biblical view

Summary of three pillars — missing any one creates a sub-biblical view

Mike recaps all three pillars before moving to application.

soft complementarianism application methodology

Summary of how examples push against strongest patriarchal views but fail to establish softest complementarianism

Mike previews his conclusions from examining biblical examples.

women's authority marriage and eldership limited restriction

The Bible is not trying to limit all women from all authority over all men

Mike states a key summary conclusion.

Luke 8:1-3 Proverbs 31:16-24 Acts 16:14 Lydia Priscilla Aquila

Proverbs 31 woman, Lydia, Priscilla, and women sponsors of Jesus as examples of women working

Mike gives biblical examples of women working outside the home.

Romans 16:1 Phoebe diakonos Romans 16:1

Women can be deacons — Phoebe in Romans 16:1 as evidence

Mike argues for women deacons with Phoebe as the primary example.

Luke 10:38-42 N.T. Wright discipleship Mary and Martha

Mary and Martha (Luke 10:38) — Jesus affirms theological learning over traditional hosting

Mike uses Mary and Martha as a key example for women's theological education.

Romans 12 Deborah Junia Priscilla

Women having influence is not a problem — influence is not the same as eldership

Mike distinguishes between influence and elder authority.

summary of application three spheres marriage

Summary of how far to extend the boundaries: marriage, ministry, and rest of life

Mike provides a concise summary of application in all three spheres.