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All (261) Scripture Commentary (118) Theology (14) Mike Winger (126) Pulpit (3)
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson: it is not plausible women are silenced because they were uneducated

Mike quotes Carson's response to the education view.

1 Corinthians 14:33b D.A. Carson 1 Corinthians 14:33b universal scope argument
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 2: Why ALL women in EVERY church?

Mike presses the problem of universal scope for the education view.

Craig Keener universal scope women elders
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Education View Hinge 3: Why is submission an issue if it is about education?

Mike identifies the fatal disconnect between the education view and Paul's mention of submission.

1 Corinthians 11 creation order submission 1 Corinthians 11
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The education view fails the 'reread test'

Mike summarizes why the education view ultimately does not work.

education view reread test
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The Bacchus/Dionysus cult clatter explanation from CBE International

Mike examines the view promoted by the Center for Biblical Equality (CBE International) connecting the passage to ecstatic cult practices.

Livy CBE International Bacchus/Dionysus cult
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problem 1 with the cult view: these cults were not exclusively or predominantly female

Mike shows that the claim that Bacchus worship was predominantly female is historically inaccurate.

Craig Keener cult of Isis cult of Cybele
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The Livy quote that CBE uses actually describes large numbers of men involved in Bacchus worship

Mike examines the actual Livy passage that CBE cites and finds it undermines their argument.

Livy CBE International Bacchus cult demographics
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problem 2 with the cult view: why are questions forbidden if the issue is screaming?

Mike identifies the disconnect between ecstatic behavior and the passage's content about questions.

1 Corinthians 14:35 laleo 1 Corinthians 14:35 questions vs. ecstatic behavior
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Introduction of View 4 analysis: The Utter Silence View

Mike begins analyzing the most strict complementarian view.

utter silence view women's speech prohibition
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The utter silence view has a plain reading advantage but relies on verses out of context

Mike acknowledges the surface-level appeal of this view while noting its limitations.

Luke 14:26 plain reading verses out of context Luke 14:26
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The word 'sigao' (keep silent) in 1 Corinthians 14 consistently refers to limited, context-specific silence

Mike examines how the same Greek word for silence is used in the same chapter.

1 Corinthians 14:28 1 Corinthians 14:30 Anthony Thiselton sigao 1 Corinthians 14:28
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Five possible interpretations of what kind of silence is meant in verse 34

Mike lists the options for what specific type of silence verse 34 commands.

Beth Allison Barr Craig Keener judging prophecy view
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Utter Silence View Hinge 2: 1 Corinthians 11 proves women could prophesy publicly in church

Mike presents the strongest challenge to the utter silence view from within the same letter.

1 Corinthians 11:5 1 Corinthians 11:2-6 head coverings 1 Corinthians 11:5 women prophesying
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Tom Schreiner: Paul encourages women to pray and prophesy in church with proper adornment

Mike quotes complementarian scholar Tom Schreiner against the utter silence view.

1 Corinthians 11:16 Tom Schreiner 1 Corinthians 11:16 women's public prayer and prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The attempted rescue of utter silence: women can prophesy publicly but should not, and must wear coverings if they do

Mike addresses another attempt to reconcile utter silence with 1 Corinthians 11.

1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11 1 Corinthians 14 1 Corinthians 11 utter silence view rescue attempt
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Acts 2 and the Joel prophecy: men and women prophesied publicly at Pentecost

Mike cites Acts 2 as scriptural evidence against the utter silence view.

Joel 2 Acts 2:15-18 Joel 2 women prophesying Acts 2:15-18
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Additional scriptural examples of women prophesying publicly: Philip's daughters, Anna, Huldah, Deborah, Miriam

Mike cites multiple OT and NT examples of women prophesying publicly before mixed audiences.

Acts 21:9 Luke 2:36-38 Deborah Miriam Huldah
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Warning against using the utter silence view's failures as a wedge for other weak views

Mike warns that some use the utter silence view's problems to justify weaker egalitarian interpretations.

judging prophecy view argumentative wedge strategy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

View 5 analysis: The Judging Prophecy View -- Mike's preferred interpretation

Mike presents the increasingly common complementarian view that the passage restricts women from judging/testing prophecy.

church authority judging prophecy view testing prophecy
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The scenario of a wife judging her husband's prophecy illustrates the authority problem

Mike illustrates why judging prophecy creates a specific submission/authority issue.

submission Anthony Thiselton marriage authority
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Judging Prophecy Hinge 1: Was testing prophecy a real practice in the early church?

Mike establishes that testing/judging prophecy was indeed a regular church practice.

1 John 4:1 1 Corinthians 12:10 1 John 4:1 testing prophecy 1 Corinthians 12:10
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The doctrinal/theological nature of testing prophecy from 1 John 4:1-3

Mike shows that testing prophecy involved theological evaluation.

1 John 4:1-3 Mormonism 1 John 4:1-3 Christology test
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 confirms testing prophecy was standard practice

Mike provides additional scriptural evidence for the practice of testing prophecy.

1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 testing prophecy 1 Thessalonians 5:20-21 prophecy vs. scripture
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Judging Prophecy Hinge 2: The passage's structure mirrors tongues/interpretation with prophecy/judging

Mike shows how 1 Corinthians 14's structure supports the judging prophecy view.

1 Corinthians 14:29 1 Corinthians 14:6-28 1 Corinthians 14:29 1 Corinthians 14:6-28 structural parallel
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

D.A. Carson's structural analysis: verse 29 maps the two-part expansion

Mike quotes Carson's explanation of how verse 29 introduces the two topics expanded in what follows.

1 Corinthians 14:29-36 D.A. Carson 1 Corinthians 14:29-36 structural analysis
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The 'spirits of the prophets are subject to the prophets' means self-control, not a hierarchy

Mike interprets verse 32 as a parenthetical about prophets' ability to control themselves.

1 Corinthians 14:32 hupotasso 1 Corinthians 14:32 prophetic self-control
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Only the judging prophecy view properly accounts for the prophetic context running through the entire passage

Mike shows prophecy is the continuous context from verse 29 through the end of the chapter.

1 Corinthians 14:37 1 Corinthians 14:39-40 1 Corinthians 14:37 1 Corinthians 14:39-40 prophetic context
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Debate over who judges prophecy: prophets, elders, or everyone?

Mike addresses the objection that it was prophets, not elders, who judged prophecy.

1 Corinthians 14:29 eldership Craig Keener 1 Corinthians 14:29
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problems with the 'other prophets judge prophecy' view

Mike argues against the interpretation that only other prophets test prophecy.

1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 14:1 1 Corinthians 14:39 1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 14:1 1 Corinthians 14:39
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Problems with the 'everyone judges prophecy' view

Mike argues against congregational testing of prophecy.

congregational testing eldership function doctrinal guardianship
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Elders have a natural role in judging prophecy due to their doctrinal guardianship function

Mike builds the case that elders must have been prominent in testing prophecy.

eldership doctrinal testing church governance
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Elders as the only universal biblical ongoing office with authority

Mike provides scriptural evidence for the elder/overseer role as the primary authority structure in the church.

Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 Acts 14:23 Titus 1:5 elder/overseer/bishop
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Hebrews 13:17 and 2 Timothy 2:2 -- elders watch over souls and guard doctrine

Mike cites additional passages showing elders' responsibility to guard what the congregation receives.

1 Timothy 3:2 Hebrews 13:17 2 Timothy 2:2 elder qualifications 1 Timothy 3:2 Hebrews 13:17
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Titus 1:9 -- elders must hold firm to trustworthy teaching and rebuke those who contradict it

Mike shows the elder's role explicitly includes correcting false teaching.

Titus 1:9 eldership function Titus 1:9 rebuking false teaching
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Paul's farewell to Ephesian elders (Acts 20:28-31) -- fierce wolves and elders' responsibility

Mike cites Paul's passionate charge to elders to guard the flock.

Acts 20:28-31 doctrinal guardianship Acts 20:28-31 fierce wolves
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

If elders do not judge prophecy, they abandon their God-given role

Mike argues the elder's doctrinal role makes their involvement in prophecy judgment unavoidable.

judging prophecy church governance elder role abandonment
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

It may not be necessary to decide exclusively who judged prophecy

Mike suggests the identity of the judges may not need to be precisely defined for the view to work.

Mormonism self-validation prohibition Islam
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Women can have the gift of discernment but are restricted in its public exercise during church governance

Mike addresses the objection that his view means women cannot have a spiritual gift.

1 Corinthians 12:10 1 Corinthians 12:10 gift of discernment church governance
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Cultural pushback: eldership is not a bucket list item or self-fulfillment role

Mike addresses the Western cultural tendency to view pastoral ministry as a personal entitlement.

church order pastoral ministry as entitlement Western cultural bias
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Judging Prophecy Hinge 3: Why are questions forbidden? Questions as a way to control the judging process

Mike addresses the potentially weakest point of the judging prophecy view -- the prohibition on asking questions.

1 Corinthians 14:35 judging prophecy view 1 Corinthians 14:35 questions as control
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Personal examples of questions being used to control meetings

Mike provides real-world illustrations of how questions can be used to control group discussions.

Mormonism questions as manipulation group dynamics
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

The questions prohibition connects to submission -- a unique advantage of the judging prophecy view

Mike explains why the connection between questions and submission only works on the judging prophecy view.

judging prophecy view submission and questions contextual advantage
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Summary of why the judging prophecy view is superior: answering all four key questions

Mike walks through the advantages of the judging prophecy view over all other views.

1 Timothy 3 1 Corinthians 11 Titus 1 1 Timothy 3 1 Corinthians 11 Titus 1
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Side issue: Does this passage address women in general or wives specifically?

Mike briefly addresses whether 'women' (gunai) should be translated as 'wives.'

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 gune (woman/wife) women vs. wives debate
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Refutation of the 'separate seating' theory: no evidence men and women sat separately in early churches

Mike addresses the popular online claim that men and women sat on opposite sides of the church.

Craig Keener rabbinic literature gender-segregated seating
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Brief refutation of the 'women as teachers' interpretation

Mike quickly dismisses the view that 'keep silent' refers to women teaching.

1 Corinthians 14 context women teaching view 1 Corinthians 14 context
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 1: Women can prophesy and speak in public church gatherings with role qualifications

Mike begins his six conclusions from this study.

1 Corinthians 11 head coverings role differences 1 Corinthians 11
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 2: Women have no restrictions on learning

Mike notes that Paul's instruction actually preserves women's right to pursue knowledge.

1 Corinthians 14:35 1 Corinthians 14:35 women's education Jewish education debates
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Conclusion 3: Christians must not despise what God commands about gender roles

Mike calls Christians to celebrate rather than resist biblical teachings on gender roles.

Proverbs 3:5-6 Psalm 119 (delight in God's word) biblical submission Proverbs 3:5-6 Psalm 119 (delight in God's word)
Mike Winger idea 2022-12-04

Preview of upcoming videos: 1 Timothy 2:11-15 and final overview/application

Mike previews the next two videos in the Women in Ministry series.

1 Timothy 2:11-15 1 Timothy 2:11-15 women in ministry practical questions series overview
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