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All (4043) Scripture Commentary (3050) Theology (173) Mike Winger (795) Pulpit (25)
Theology greek term

πρεσβύτερος (presbuteros)

elder, older man; church overseer/leader by seniority

greek
Theology greek term

λαλέω (laleo)

to speak, to talk, to proclaim; general word for verbal expression

greek
Theology greek term

הָפַכ לֶגּוֹמֵן (hapax legomenon)

a word used only once in the entire corpus; single-occurrence term

greek
Theology greek term

αὐθεντοῦντος (authentountos)

ruling, exercising authority (participle of authenteō, patristic usage from 4th c. AD)

greek
Theology greek term

αὐθεντικός (authentikos)

original, authentic, authoritative; relating to the source or master

greek
Theology greek term

αὐτοδικεῖν (autodikein)

to plead one's own cause; to act as one's own advocate (Attic Greek equivalent of authentein)

greek
Theology greek term

ἄλλα (alla)

but, rather, on the contrary; strong adversative conjunction

greek
Theology greek term

ἀργός (argos)

idle, inactive, useless; also the eighth astrological house (house of death)

greek
Theology greek term

dominare / dominari (dominare)

to rule, to dominate, to lord it over (Latin; used to translate authenteō in the Vulgate)

greek
Theology greek term

παραθήκη (paratheke)

deposit, trust, that which is entrusted for safekeeping; the apostolic gospel deposit

greek
Theology greek term

στῦλος (stylos)

pillar, column; used metaphorically of the church as the pillar and support of truth

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνδρός (andros)

of a man, man's (genitive of anēr); used in key 1 Tim 2:12 phrase authentein andros

greek
Theology greek term

ἀνδρὲς Ἀθηναῖοι (andres athenaioi)

men of Athens (Acts 17:22); plural of anēr used generically for a mixed audience

greek
Theology greek term

ἀδελφός (adelphos)

brother; sibling; fellow believer (used generically for brothers and sisters in Christ)

greek
Theology greek term

λαμβάνω (lambano)

to take, to receive, to accept; foundational verb of reception and appropriation

greek
Theology greek term

ἐξουσίαν ἐπί (exousian epi)

authority over (accusative); directional authority phrase in Revelation

greek
Theology greek term

περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας (perierchomenai tas oikias)

going about from house to house (1 Tim 5:13); possibly alludes to astrological house-progressions

greek
Theology greek term

κοινωνία (koinonia)

sharing, participation, fellowship, communion

greek
Theology greek term

ἀρχή (archē)

beginning, origin, source; rule, authority, first cause

greek
Theology greek term

αἴτιος (aitios)

cause, source, author; responsible

greek
Theology greek term

יִנָּבְאוּ (yinnābe'û)

they will prophesy (niphal imperfect 3mp of נָבָא)

greek
Theology greek term

προφητεύσουσιν (prophēteusousin)

they will prophesy (future active indicative, 3rd plural)

greek
Theology greek term

μορφή (morphē)

form, essential nature (Phil 2:6-7)

greek
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-07

Video 9 will cover 1 Timothy 2 — the key complementarian passage about women not teaching or having authority over men, including the word authentein and the cult of Artemis.

Series overview and roadmap

1 Tim 2:12 authentein cult of Artemis
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Biblical examples of women who worked outside the home: Proverbs 31 woman (entrepreneur), Lydia (businesswoman), Priscilla (tentmaker).

Biblical counter-examples to women-only-at-home view

Prov 31 Lydia Priscilla
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

1 Timothy 2:12-13 as New Testament commentary on Genesis 2: Paul draws on Adam being formed first as relevant to male-female relationships.

NT support for creation order argument

creation order 1 Tim 2:12-13 Paul
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Rescuing the 'helper' argument: it's not the word 'ezer' but the whole flow of Genesis 2 -- Eve is made FOR Adam, which Paul interprets as implying leadership in 1 Corinthians 11:7-10.

Reframing the helper argument via the narrative flow

Gen 2 Paul 1 Cor 11:7-10
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Mike rejects the egalitarian view (e.g., Craig Keener) that subordination only appears in Genesis 3 as part of the curse; he sees a 'godly, tensionless leadership' for Adam in Genesis 2 as part of God's good creation.

Mike's key conclusion on Genesis 2

Gen 2 Craig Keener Paul, Women, and Wives
Mike Winger idea 2022-03-14

Schreiner appeals to 1 Timothy 2:14 ('Adam was not deceived, but the woman was deceived') to support point 5 -- Mike thinks the verse can be explained without the subversion-of-authority reading.

NT support for serpent-targeting-Eve argument

Tom Schreiner 1 Tim 2:14 Eve's deception
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright's egalitarian argument: women as apostles to the apostles

Mike plays a clip from NT Wright presenting the egalitarian case for women leaders.

Romans 16 Junia women apostles Mary Magdalene
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

NT Wright on Romans 16: women as church leaders and Phoebe as letter bearer

Continuation of Wright's argument about Romans 16.

Romans 16 Romans 16:1-2 Junia N.T. Wright Romans 16
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville claims female apostles, prophets, teachers, evangelists; Craig Keener agrees women held prominent roles

Mike continues presenting egalitarian scholarly claims.

Linda Belleville women apostles Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

If egalitarians are right, passages like 1 Timothy 2 and 1 Corinthians 14 must be reinterpreted

Mike explains the stakes of the egalitarian position.

1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 1 Timothy 2 1 Corinthians 14 women's silence
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Nympha in Colossians 4:15 -- Lynn Cohick's claim she led a house church

Mike begins examining individual women named in the NT, starting with Nympha.

Colossians 4:15 Discovering Biblical Equality Nympha Lynn Cohick
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Acts 16:15 refutes host-as-leader: Lydia hosted Paul immediately after conversion

Mike applies the host-as-leader test to Lydia.

Acts 16:15 Lydia N.T. Wright hosting vs. leading
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Jason in Acts 17:5-9 does not prove host-as-leader; shows external cultural accountability only

Mike addresses the one passage egalitarians use to support host-as-leader.

Acts 17:5-9 hosting vs. leading Jason Acts 17:5-9
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Euodia and Syntyche: Belleville claims they were among overseers and deacons at Philippi

Mike moves to examining the case of Euodia and Syntyche in Philippians 4:2-3.

Philippians 4:2-3 Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's logic: Philippians 1:1 lists saints, overseers, deacons -- Euodia/Syntyche must be in one category

Mike reconstructs Belleville's reasoning from Two Views (p. 60).

Philippians 1:1 Linda Belleville Two Views on Women in Ministry Euodia
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's argument from Paul's public appeal: if they weren't leaders, no need for third-party intervention

Mike evaluates Belleville's second argument for Euodia/Syntyche's leadership.

Philippians 4:2-3 Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's third argument: their disagreement jeopardized church unity, proving leadership role

Mike addresses Belleville's final argument for Euodia/Syntyche as leaders.

Linda Belleville Euodia Syntyche
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Priscilla and Aquila: six NT passages, Priscilla's name first in four of six

Mike transitions to examining Priscilla and Aquila, acknowledging complementarians sometimes don't look closely enough.

women in ministry Priscilla Aquila
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Egalitarian argument: 'fellow worker' (synergos) and 'labor' (kopiao) mean leadership

Mike identifies a major branch of egalitarian argumentation about Pauline terminology.

Linda Belleville Craig Keener synergos
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Tom Schreiner's refutation: co-worker/labor terms are too vague to indicate leadership

Mike reads a lengthy quote from Tom Schreiner (Two Views, pp. 280-281).

Romans 16:3 Philippians 4:3 Tom Schreiner Two Views on Women in Ministry Mary
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Women were church planters and evangelists; laboring 'in the gospel' points to evangelism

Mike draws positive conclusions about women's ministry scope from the terminology.

Priscilla Aquila women evangelists
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

1 Corinthians 16:19 does not prove Priscilla and Aquila led a house church

Mike examines Keener's second reference for house church leadership.

1 Corinthians 16:19 Priscilla Aquila Craig Keener
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Philemon 1-2: church in Philemon's house does not make Apphia or Archippus leaders

Mike examines Keener's third reference.

Philemon 1-2 Philemon Craig Keener hosting vs. leading Philemon 1-2
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Belleville's claim that widow requirements parallel elder qualifications -- they don't

Mike addresses Belleville's second argument for widows as elders.

1 Timothy 5:9-10 1 Timothy 3 Linda Belleville 1 Timothy 5:9-10 elder qualifications
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Ephesians 6:21-22 and Colossians 4:7-8: Tychicus gave personal updates, not letter interpretation

Mike examines the remaining biblical references cited by Keener.

Ephesians 6:21-22 Colossians 4:7-8 letter carrier as teacher Ephesians 6:21-22 Colossians 4:7-8
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Philip Payne's argument from Colossians 3:16: all Christians should have a teaching ministry -- refuted

Mike addresses another egalitarian argument about women teachers.

Colossians 3:16 Philip Payne Colossians 3:16 teaching and admonishing
Mike Winger idea 2022-04-13

Phoebe likely was an official deacon because of the phrase 'of the church at Cenchreae'

Mike concludes Phoebe was a deacon based on the qualifying phrase.

Romans 16:1 Tom Schreiner Craig Blomberg Phoebe
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