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Scripture Commentary article 2020-05-28

Judas the Betrayer and the death of Jesus

We have just released part 2 of our video project on the Sovereignty of God. And we have released this part of the project for free! Why? Because I felt that the message was so important that I didn’t want any hindrance I wanted to get as wide a viewing as possible.

Soteriology Calvinism Judas
Scripture Commentary article 2018-03-10

No man left behind: Jesus died for all

Did Jesus’ death leave no man left behind that was not covered by His death on the cross? For many Christians who identify as Calvinists, the gospel includes the conclusion that Jesus died only for a select group of people who were predetermined by God before the world was created.

John 5:14–16 Luke 10:31–32 Luke 10:36–37 Soteriology Calvinism Atonement
Scripture Commentary tweet 2025-01-28

@ThePastorBurris Unlimited atonement, reconciliation limited to those whose fait

@ThePastorBurris Unlimited atonement, reconciliation limited to those whose faith is in Christ.

general
Theology verse entry

1 John 2:2

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis, greek_analysis

1 John 2:2 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,propitiation,Calvinism,scope of atonement,hilasmos
Theology verse entry

2 Corinthians 5:14-15

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,scope of atonement,substitutionary death
Theology verse entry

John 3:16

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

John 3:16 soteriology,atonement,unlimited atonement,Calvinism,kosmos,God's love,scope of atonement
Theology verse entry

Romans 11:25-36

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Romans 11:25-36 Israel,olive tree,hardening,mercy to all,election,doxology,soteriology
Theology verse entry

Acts 17:30

Sections: cross_references, debate_points, exegesis

Acts 17:30 repentance,universal call,Mars Hill,soteriology
Theology greek term

ἱλασμός (hilasmos)

propitiation, atoning sacrifice

greek
Theology greek term

ἀπώλεια (apōleia)

destruction, perdition, ruin

greek
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Introduction: topic triggered by viewer question and James White announcing he would listen

Mike Winger opens the Wednesday livestream and explains why he went deeper into limited atonement than originally planned; James White tweeting that he would listen prompted more thorough preparation.

James White 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 James White limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Definition of limited atonement: Jesus's death only paid for the sins of the elect

Winger defines limited atonement as the doctrine that God only provided payment for the sins of certain people (the elect), not for all humanity.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Three aspects of the atonement framework: intent, extent, and application

Winger introduces a three-part analytical framework for the atonement, crediting Dr. David Allen for helping him prepare.

atonement intent of atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Comparison chart: limited atonement vs. universal atonement vs. universalism on extent and application

Winger presents a visual chart distinguishing three views based on extent and application of the atonement.

limited atonement TULIP extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Critique: limited atonement is mostly supported by philosophical reasoning, not direct scriptural teaching

Winger argues that most support for limited atonement comes from logical inference from other doctrines, not clear biblical texts.

theological method Scripture authority limited atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 — the Calvinist logical argument for limited atonement from this text

Winger presents the viewer's question and the Calvinist logical argument drawn from 2 Corinthians 5:14-15.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 all have died
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Even granting the Calvinist reading of 2 Cor 5:14, it only affirms Jesus died for the elect — it does not deny he died for others

Winger grants the Calvinist interpretation hypothetically to show it still does not prove limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 fallacy of negative inference
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Fallacy of negative inference illustrated by Galatians 2:20

Winger uses Galatians 2:20 to illustrate that affirming Christ's death for one person or group does not imply he did not die for others.

Galatians 2:20 limited atonement fallacy of negative inference Galatians 2:20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Winger's interpretation of 2 Cor 5:14: 'all' means all humanity in both occurrences — extent universal, application not

Winger presents his positive interpretation of the passage, arguing both uses of 'all' refer to all humanity.

2 Corinthians 5:14-15 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 confirms extent/application distinction within the same passage

Winger looks at the broader context of 2 Corinthians 5 to show that the same passage itself provides the extent-vs-application distinction.

2 Corinthians 5:18-21 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'The world' in 2 Corinthians 5:19 does not mean the elect — it means the ungodly world

Winger argues that 'world' in v.19 refers to sinners in rebellion, not to a special subset like the elect.

2 Corinthians 5:19 reconciliation extent of atonement 2 Corinthians 5:19
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Universal atonement motivates evangelism; limited atonement undermines the sincere gospel call

Winger argues that Paul's evangelistic appeal in 2 Corinthians 5 flows directly from universal atonement and is inconsistent with limited atonement.

2 Corinthians 5 evangelism limited atonement universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Paul's application of the theology confirms the universal-extent, limited-application reading: the missions mandate

How Paul applies his theology tells us what his real theology is; his application is the missions mandate.

2 Corinthians 5:18-20 evangelism limited atonement 2 Corinthians 5:18-20
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Corinthians 5:21 — 'he made him to be sin' reinforces universal atonement

Winger reads verse 21 as a statement about the totality of Christ's sacrifice, consistent with universal extent.

2 Corinthians 5:21 imputation 2 Corinthians 5:21 extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objection: 'all have died' can only be said of the saved — Winger's rebuttal via objective vs. subjective atonement

Winger responds to the objection that 'all have died' is a phrase reserved for those who have received salvation.

2 Corinthians 5:14 imputation all have died 2 Corinthians 5:14
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Objective atonement 2,000 years ago vs. subjective appropriation at conversion

Winger explains how a believer can say they died with Christ even though they were not alive when Jesus died.

objective vs subjective atonement union with Christ conversion
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Colossians 1:20 — 'all things' reconciled through the blood of the cross supports universal extent

Winger turns to Colossians 1:20 as a secondary passage confirming the universal extent of the atonement.

Colossians 1:20 Colossians 1:16-17 Colossians 1:21-23 reconciliation extent of atonement application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Romans 5:18-19 — 'one act of righteousness leads to justification for all men' — universal extent, not universalism

Winger examines Romans 5:18-19 as another text supporting universal atonement but not universalism.

Romans 5:18-19 Romans 5:17 Adam justification universal atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'Those who receive' in Romans 5:17 conditions justification on reception; Romans 10:13 confirms call-response salvation

Winger highlights the word 'receive' in Romans 5:17 as the hinge that prevents universal atonement from collapsing into universalism.

Romans 5:17 Romans 10:13 faith free will application of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

John 1:29 — 'Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world' paired with John 1:12 — universal extent, individual application

Winger cites John 1:29 as a clear statement of universal extent alongside John 1:12 for limited application.

John 1:29 John 1:12 extent of atonement kosmos John 1:29
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 Timothy 4:10 — 'savior of all people, especially those who believe' — extent/application distinction in a single verse

Winger cites 1 Timothy 4:10 as a single verse that encodes the extent/application distinction.

1 Timothy 4:10 extent of atonement application of atonement 1 Timothy 4:10
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

2 Peter 2:1 — Christ bought even false prophets who deny him and face destruction, proving atonement extends beyond the elect

Winger uses 2 Peter 2:1 to demonstrate that Christ purchased those who are clearly not saved, refuting limited atonement.

2 Peter 2:1 false prophets limited atonement extent of atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Summary: multiple scriptures confirm universal extent, non-universal application; rejecting limited atonement does not require leaving Calvinism

Winger wraps up his scriptural case and notes that rejecting limited atonement does not require rejecting Calvinism wholesale.

Calvinism limited atonement TULIP
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Dr. David Allen — key scholarly resource on the atonement; two books cited; potential interview guest

Winger credits David Allen as a scholarly resource and potential interview guest on limited atonement.

limited atonement David Allen The Extent of the Atonement
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 2:2 — Jesus is the propitiation for our sins and not for ours only but for the sins of the whole world

Winger introduces 1 John 2:2 as perhaps the strongest single verse against limited atonement.

1 John 2:2 limited atonement kosmos 1 John 2:2
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Calvinist reinterpretation of 1 John 2:2: 'whole world' means Gentile believers scattered abroad, paralleled with John 11:51-52

Winger presents the Calvinist counter-argument that 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2 means people from every nation, not every individual.

1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52 limited atonement 1 John 2:2 John 11:51-52
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

'All without distinction' logically entails 'all without exception' — the Calvinist formula collapses

Winger critiques the Calvinist 'all without distinction' formula as self-defeating.

limited atonement kosmos all without distinction vs all without exception
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John's own usage of 'world' across multiple verses defines the term as the ungodly — not scattered believers

Winger grounds the interpretation of 'world' in 1 John 2:2 by examining how the same author uses the word elsewhere in 1 John.

1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13 1 John 4:3-5 kosmos 1 John 3:1 1 John 3:13
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

1 John 5:19 — 'the whole world lies under the power of the evil one' clinches the meaning of 'whole world' in 1 John 2:2

Winger uses 1 John 5:19 to confirm 'the whole world' in 1 John 2:2 refers to ungodly humanity.

1 John 2:2 1 John 5:19 extent of atonement 1 John 2:2 propitiation
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Homework challenge: find one verse where kosmos clearly means the elect — D.A. Carson says no such verse exists

Winger issues an exegetical challenge and cites D.A. Carson's agreement.

D.A. Carson limited atonement elect
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: Did Christ die and rise for all children? — Yes, universally including children

Viewer Q&A: question about whether Christ's death includes children.

universal atonement children
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: Difference between backsliding and falling away (Hebrews 6:4) — backsliding is spiritual decline, falling away is apostasy

Viewer Q&A on the distinction between backsliding and falling away.

Hebrews 6:4 Hebrews 6:4 apostasy backsliding
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: Does God's omnipotence and love require universal salvation? — No; free will and divine glory in judgment are countervailing factors

Viewer asks whether God's attributes logically entail that he must save everyone.

sin free will divine judgment
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: How to respond to someone who believes all religions are true (omnism) — expose internal contradictions, reconstruct their actual theology

Viewer Q&A: how to engage someone who holds that all religions are equally true.

Islam apologetics Christianity
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: Formal argument against Christianity being merely a social construct — resurrection, sudden doctrinal appearance, cumulative case

Viewer Q&A: how to argue against Christianity being reduced to a social construct.

resurrection apologetics social construct
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: The witch of Endor and Samuel's appearance to Saul (1 Samuel 28) — God sovereignly brought Samuel to rebuke Saul, not to help him

Viewer Q&A: explaining the difficult passage of the medium at Endor and Samuel's appearance.

1 Samuel 28 Samuel Saul 1 Samuel 28
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: God does not share his glory with anyone — how does receiving a glorified body fit? — Different senses of glory

Viewer asks how receiving a glorified resurrection body is consistent with God not sharing his glory.

resurrection God's glory glorified body
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Q&A: Are the dead conscious after death? Are loved ones watching over us? — Believers go immediately to God's presence; watching over us is uncertain

Viewer Q&A about the state of the dead and whether loved ones watch over the living.

Ecclesiastes resurrection soul sleep intermediate state
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Caution against Christians consuming antagonistic atheist YouTube content without a clear apologetic purpose

Winger advises viewers about atheist YouTube channels after a question about responding to 'Prophet of Zod.'

apologetics media discernment
Mike Winger idea 2019-05-30

Upcoming content: continuing Mark series and Hebrew Roots movement / Galatians on not being under the law

Winger previews upcoming videos at the close of the stream.

Galatians Hebrew Roots movement Galatians Gospel of Mark
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